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webpack/examples/many-pages/README.md

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This example illustrates webpack's algorithm for automatic deduplication using optimization.splitChunks.

This example application contains 7 pages, each of them importing 1-3 modules from the node_modules folder (vendor libs) and 0-3 modules from the stuff folder (application modules). In reallity an application is probably more complex, but the same mechanisms apply.

The following configuration is used:

  • optimization.splitChunks.chunks: "all" - This opt-in into automatic splitting of initial chunks which is off by default
  • optimization.splitChunks.maxInitial/AsyncRequests: 20 - This opt-in into a HTTP2 optimized splitting mode by increasing the allowed amount of requests. Browser only supports 6 requests in parallel for HTTP1.1.

Interpreting the result

  • pageA.js the normal output files for the entrypoint pageA
  • vendors~pageD~pageE~pageF~pageG.js vendor libs shared by these pages extracted into a separate output file when larger then the threshold in size
  • vendors~pageA.js vendors only used by a single page but larger than the threshold in size
  • pageA~pageD~pageF.js application modules shared by these pages and larger than the threshold in size

The threshold is here 40 bytes, but by default (in a real application) 30kb.

Some modules are intentially duplicated, i. e. ./stuff/s4.js is shared by pageA and pageC, but it's the only shared module so no separate output file is created because it would be smaller than the threshold. A separate request (which comes with an overhead and worsen gzipping) is not worth the extra bytes.

Note: decreasing maxInitial/AsyncRequest will increase duplication further to reduce the number of requests. Duplication doesn't affect initial page load, it only affects download size of navigations to other pages of the application.

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
	// mode: "development || "production",
	entry: {
		pageA: "./pages/a",
		pageB: "./pages/b",
		pageC: "./pages/c",
		pageD: "./pages/d",
		pageE: "./pages/e",
		pageF: "./pages/f",
		pageG: "./pages/g"
	},
	optimization: {
		splitChunks: {
			chunks: "all",
			maxInitialRequests: 20, // for HTTP2
			maxAsyncRequests: 20, // for HTTP2
			minSize: 40 // for example only: chosen to match 2 modules
			// omit minSize in real use case to use the default of 30kb
		}
	}
};

Production mode

Hash: 0a1b2c3d4e5f6a7b8c9d
Version: webpack 5.0.0-beta.6
   Asset       Size
  115.js  168 bytes  [emitted]  [id hint: vendors]
  402.js  115 bytes  [emitted]  [id hint: vendors]
  497.js  115 bytes  [emitted]  [id hint: vendors]
  505.js  144 bytes  [emitted]
  730.js  115 bytes  [emitted]  [id hint: vendors]
  777.js  115 bytes  [emitted]  [id hint: vendors]
  833.js  168 bytes  [emitted]  [id hint: vendors]
pageA.js   1.13 KiB  [emitted]  [name: pageA]
pageB.js    1.2 KiB  [emitted]  [name: pageB]
pageC.js    1.2 KiB  [emitted]  [name: pageC]
pageD.js   1.13 KiB  [emitted]  [name: pageD]
pageE.js   1.11 KiB  [emitted]  [name: pageE]
pageF.js   1.13 KiB  [emitted]  [name: pageF]
pageG.js   1.09 KiB  [emitted]  [name: pageG]
Entrypoint pageA = 115.js 730.js 505.js pageA.js
Entrypoint pageB = 115.js 497.js pageB.js
Entrypoint pageC = 115.js 402.js pageC.js
Entrypoint pageD = 777.js 833.js 505.js pageD.js
Entrypoint pageE = 777.js 833.js pageE.js
Entrypoint pageF = 777.js 833.js 505.js pageF.js
Entrypoint pageG = 777.js pageG.js
chunk 115.js (id hint: vendors) 86 bytes [initial] [rendered] split chunk (cache group: defaultVendors)
    > ./pages/a pageA
    > ./pages/b pageB
    > ./pages/c pageC
 ./node_modules/m1.js 43 bytes [built]
 ./node_modules/m2.js 43 bytes [built]
chunk pageB.js (pageB) 199 bytes (javascript) 2.93 KiB (runtime) [entry] [rendered]
    > ./pages/b pageB
 ./pages/b.js 106 bytes [built]
 ./stuff/s1.js 31 bytes [built]
 ./stuff/s7.js 31 bytes [built]
 ./stuff/s8.js 31 bytes [built]
     + 3 hidden chunk modules
chunk pageC.js (pageC) 199 bytes (javascript) 2.94 KiB (runtime) [entry] [rendered]
    > ./pages/c pageC
 ./pages/c.js 106 bytes [built]
 ./stuff/s4.js 31 bytes [built]
 ./stuff/s5.js 31 bytes [built]
 ./stuff/s6.js 31 bytes [built]
     + 3 hidden chunk modules
chunk pageE.js (pageE) 93 bytes (javascript) 2.94 KiB (runtime) [entry] [rendered]
    > ./pages/e pageE
 ./pages/e.js 62 bytes [built]
 ./stuff/s7.js 31 bytes [built]
     + 3 hidden chunk modules
chunk 402.js (id hint: vendors) 43 bytes [initial] [rendered] split chunk (cache group: defaultVendors)
    > ./pages/c pageC
 ./node_modules/m5.js 43 bytes [built]
chunk pageA.js (pageA) 137 bytes (javascript) 2.94 KiB (runtime) [entry] [rendered]
    > ./pages/a pageA
 ./pages/a.js 106 bytes [built]
 ./stuff/s4.js 31 bytes [built]
     + 3 hidden chunk modules
chunk 497.js (id hint: vendors) 43 bytes [initial] [rendered] split chunk (cache group: defaultVendors)
    > ./pages/b pageB
 ./node_modules/m4.js 43 bytes [built]
chunk 505.js 62 bytes [initial] [rendered] split chunk (cache group: default)
    > ./pages/a pageA
    > ./pages/d pageD
    > ./pages/f pageF
 ./stuff/s2.js 31 bytes [built]
 ./stuff/s3.js 31 bytes [built]
chunk pageG.js (pageG) 67 bytes (javascript) 2.93 KiB (runtime) [entry] [rendered]
    > ./pages/g pageG
 ./pages/g.js 36 bytes [built]
 ./stuff/s1.js 31 bytes [built]
     + 3 hidden chunk modules
chunk pageD.js (pageD) 137 bytes (javascript) 2.94 KiB (runtime) [entry] [rendered]
    > ./pages/d pageD
 ./pages/d.js 106 bytes [built]
 ./stuff/s1.js 31 bytes [built]
     + 3 hidden chunk modules
chunk 730.js (id hint: vendors) 43 bytes [initial] [rendered] split chunk (cache group: defaultVendors)
    > ./pages/a pageA
 ./node_modules/m3.js 43 bytes [built]
chunk 777.js (id hint: vendors) 43 bytes [initial] [rendered] split chunk (cache group: defaultVendors)
    > ./pages/d pageD
    > ./pages/e pageE
    > ./pages/f pageF
    > ./pages/g pageG
 ./node_modules/m6.js 43 bytes [built]
chunk pageF.js (pageF) 137 bytes (javascript) 2.94 KiB (runtime) [entry] [rendered]
    > ./pages/f pageF
 ./pages/f.js 106 bytes [built]
 ./stuff/s1.js 31 bytes [built]
     + 3 hidden chunk modules
chunk 833.js (id hint: vendors) 86 bytes [initial] [rendered] split chunk (cache group: defaultVendors)
    > ./pages/d pageD
    > ./pages/e pageE
    > ./pages/f pageF
 ./node_modules/m7.js 43 bytes [built]
 ./node_modules/m8.js 43 bytes [built]