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postgresql/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c

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/*
* pg_upgrade.c
*
* main source file
*
* Copyright (c) 2010-2019, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
*/
/*
* To simplify the upgrade process, we force certain system values to be
* identical between old and new clusters:
*
* We control all assignments of pg_class.oid (and relfilenode) so toast
* oids are the same between old and new clusters. This is important
* because toast oids are stored as toast pointers in user tables.
*
* While pg_class.oid and pg_class.relfilenode are initially the same
* in a cluster, they can diverge due to CLUSTER, REINDEX, or VACUUM
* FULL. In the new cluster, pg_class.oid and pg_class.relfilenode will
* be the same and will match the old pg_class.oid value. Because of
* this, old/new pg_class.relfilenode values will not match if CLUSTER,
* REINDEX, or VACUUM FULL have been performed in the old cluster.
*
* We control all assignments of pg_type.oid because these oids are stored
* in user composite type values.
*
* We control all assignments of pg_enum.oid because these oids are stored
* in user tables as enum values.
*
* We control all assignments of pg_authid.oid for historical reasons (the
* oids used to be stored in pg_largeobject_metadata, which is now copied via
* SQL commands), that might change at some point in the future.
*/
#include "postgres_fe.h"
#ifdef HAVE_LANGINFO_H
#include <langinfo.h>
#endif
#include "catalog/pg_class_d.h"
#include "common/file_perm.h"
#include "common/logging.h"
#include "common/restricted_token.h"
#include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
#include "pg_upgrade.h"
static void prepare_new_cluster(void);
static void prepare_new_globals(void);
static void create_new_objects(void);
static void copy_xact_xlog_xid(void);
static void set_frozenxids(bool minmxid_only);
static void setup(char *argv0, bool *live_check);
static void cleanup(void);
ClusterInfo old_cluster,
new_cluster;
OSInfo os_info;
char *output_files[] = {
SERVER_LOG_FILE,
#ifdef WIN32
/* unique file for pg_ctl start */
SERVER_START_LOG_FILE,
#endif
UTILITY_LOG_FILE,
INTERNAL_LOG_FILE,
NULL
};
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char *analyze_script_file_name = NULL;
char *deletion_script_file_name = NULL;
bool live_check = false;
pg_logging_init(argv[0]);
set_pglocale_pgservice(argv[0], PG_TEXTDOMAIN("pg_upgrade"));
/* Set default restrictive mask until new cluster permissions are read */
umask(PG_MODE_MASK_OWNER);
parseCommandLine(argc, argv);
get_restricted_token();
adjust_data_dir(&old_cluster);
adjust_data_dir(&new_cluster);
setup(argv[0], &live_check);
output_check_banner(live_check);
check_cluster_versions();
get_sock_dir(&old_cluster, live_check);
get_sock_dir(&new_cluster, false);
check_cluster_compatibility(live_check);
/* Set mask based on PGDATA permissions */
if (!GetDataDirectoryCreatePerm(new_cluster.pgdata))
pg_fatal("could not read permissions of directory \"%s\": %s\n",
new_cluster.pgdata, strerror(errno));
umask(pg_mode_mask);
check_and_dump_old_cluster(live_check);
/* -- NEW -- */
start_postmaster(&new_cluster, true);
check_new_cluster();
report_clusters_compatible();
pg_log(PG_REPORT,
"\n"
"Performing Upgrade\n"
"------------------\n");
prepare_new_cluster();
stop_postmaster(false);
/*
* Destructive Changes to New Cluster
*/
copy_xact_xlog_xid();
/* New now using xids of the old system */
/* -- NEW -- */
start_postmaster(&new_cluster, true);
prepare_new_globals();
create_new_objects();
stop_postmaster(false);
/*
* Most failures happen in create_new_objects(), which has completed at
* this point. We do this here because it is just before linking, which
* will link the old and new cluster data files, preventing the old
* cluster from being safely started once the new cluster is started.
*/
if (user_opts.transfer_mode == TRANSFER_MODE_LINK)
disable_old_cluster();
transfer_all_new_tablespaces(&old_cluster.dbarr, &new_cluster.dbarr,
old_cluster.pgdata, new_cluster.pgdata);
/*
* Assuming OIDs are only used in system tables, there is no need to
* restore the OID counter because we have not transferred any OIDs from
* the old system, but we do it anyway just in case. We do it late here
* because there is no need to have the schema load use new oids.
*/
prep_status("Setting next OID for new cluster");
exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
"\"%s/pg_resetwal\" -o %u \"%s\"",
new_cluster.bindir, old_cluster.controldata.chkpnt_nxtoid,
new_cluster.pgdata);
check_ok();
prep_status("Sync data directory to disk");
exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
"\"%s/initdb\" --sync-only \"%s\"", new_cluster.bindir,
new_cluster.pgdata);
check_ok();
create_script_for_cluster_analyze(&analyze_script_file_name);
create_script_for_old_cluster_deletion(&deletion_script_file_name);
issue_warnings_and_set_wal_level();
pg_log(PG_REPORT,
"\n"
"Upgrade Complete\n"
"----------------\n");
output_completion_banner(analyze_script_file_name,
deletion_script_file_name);
pg_free(analyze_script_file_name);
pg_free(deletion_script_file_name);
cleanup();
return 0;
}
static void
setup(char *argv0, bool *live_check)
{
/*
* make sure the user has a clean environment, otherwise, we may confuse
* libpq when we connect to one (or both) of the servers.
*/
check_pghost_envvar();
/*
* In case the user hasn't specified the directory for the new binaries
* with -B, default to using the path of the currently executed pg_upgrade
* binary.
*/
if (!new_cluster.bindir)
{
char exec_path[MAXPGPATH];
if (find_my_exec(argv0, exec_path) < 0)
pg_fatal("%s: could not find own program executable\n", argv0);
/* Trim off program name and keep just path */
*last_dir_separator(exec_path) = '\0';
canonicalize_path(exec_path);
new_cluster.bindir = pg_strdup(exec_path);
}
verify_directories();
/* no postmasters should be running, except for a live check */
if (pid_lock_file_exists(old_cluster.pgdata))
{
/*
* If we have a postmaster.pid file, try to start the server. If it
* starts, the pid file was stale, so stop the server. If it doesn't
* start, assume the server is running. If the pid file is left over
* from a server crash, this also allows any committed transactions
* stored in the WAL to be replayed so they are not lost, because WAL
* files are not transferred from old to new servers. We later check
* for a clean shutdown.
*/
if (start_postmaster(&old_cluster, false))
stop_postmaster(false);
else
{
if (!user_opts.check)
pg_fatal("There seems to be a postmaster servicing the old cluster.\n"
"Please shutdown that postmaster and try again.\n");
else
*live_check = true;
}
}
/* same goes for the new postmaster */
if (pid_lock_file_exists(new_cluster.pgdata))
{
if (start_postmaster(&new_cluster, false))
stop_postmaster(false);
else
pg_fatal("There seems to be a postmaster servicing the new cluster.\n"
"Please shutdown that postmaster and try again.\n");
}
}
static void
prepare_new_cluster(void)
{
/*
* It would make more sense to freeze after loading the schema, but that
* would cause us to lose the frozenxids restored by the load. We use
* --analyze so autovacuum doesn't update statistics later
*/
prep_status("Analyzing all rows in the new cluster");
exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
"\"%s/vacuumdb\" %s --all --analyze %s",
new_cluster.bindir, cluster_conn_opts(&new_cluster),
log_opts.verbose ? "--verbose" : "");
check_ok();
/*
* We do freeze after analyze so pg_statistic is also frozen. template0 is
* not frozen here, but data rows were frozen by initdb, and we set its
* datfrozenxid, relfrozenxids, and relminmxid later to match the new xid
* counter later.
*/
prep_status("Freezing all rows in the new cluster");
exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
"\"%s/vacuumdb\" %s --all --freeze %s",
new_cluster.bindir, cluster_conn_opts(&new_cluster),
log_opts.verbose ? "--verbose" : "");
check_ok();
}
static void
prepare_new_globals(void)
{
/*
* Before we restore anything, set frozenxids of initdb-created tables.
*/
set_frozenxids(false);
/*
* Now restore global objects (roles and tablespaces).
*/
prep_status("Restoring global objects in the new cluster");
exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
"\"%s/psql\" " EXEC_PSQL_ARGS " %s -f \"%s\"",
new_cluster.bindir, cluster_conn_opts(&new_cluster),
GLOBALS_DUMP_FILE);
check_ok();
}
static void
create_new_objects(void)
{
int dbnum;
prep_status("Restoring database schemas in the new cluster\n");
/*
* We cannot process the template1 database concurrently with others,
* because when it's transiently dropped, connection attempts would fail.
* So handle it in a separate non-parallelized pass.
*/
for (dbnum = 0; dbnum < old_cluster.dbarr.ndbs; dbnum++)
{
char sql_file_name[MAXPGPATH],
log_file_name[MAXPGPATH];
DbInfo *old_db = &old_cluster.dbarr.dbs[dbnum];
const char *create_opts;
/* Process only template1 in this pass */
if (strcmp(old_db->db_name, "template1") != 0)
continue;
pg_log(PG_STATUS, "%s", old_db->db_name);
snprintf(sql_file_name, sizeof(sql_file_name), DB_DUMP_FILE_MASK, old_db->db_oid);
snprintf(log_file_name, sizeof(log_file_name), DB_DUMP_LOG_FILE_MASK, old_db->db_oid);
/*
* template1 and postgres databases will already exist in the target
* installation, so tell pg_restore to drop and recreate them;
* otherwise we would fail to propagate their database-level
* properties.
*/
create_opts = "--clean --create";
exec_prog(log_file_name,
NULL,
true,
true,
"\"%s/pg_restore\" %s %s --exit-on-error --verbose "
"--dbname postgres \"%s\"",
new_cluster.bindir,
cluster_conn_opts(&new_cluster),
create_opts,
sql_file_name);
break; /* done once we've processed template1 */
}
for (dbnum = 0; dbnum < old_cluster.dbarr.ndbs; dbnum++)
{
char sql_file_name[MAXPGPATH],
log_file_name[MAXPGPATH];
DbInfo *old_db = &old_cluster.dbarr.dbs[dbnum];
const char *create_opts;
/* Skip template1 in this pass */
if (strcmp(old_db->db_name, "template1") == 0)
continue;
pg_log(PG_STATUS, "%s", old_db->db_name);
snprintf(sql_file_name, sizeof(sql_file_name), DB_DUMP_FILE_MASK, old_db->db_oid);
snprintf(log_file_name, sizeof(log_file_name), DB_DUMP_LOG_FILE_MASK, old_db->db_oid);
/*
* template1 and postgres databases will already exist in the target
* installation, so tell pg_restore to drop and recreate them;
* otherwise we would fail to propagate their database-level
* properties.
*/
if (strcmp(old_db->db_name, "postgres") == 0)
create_opts = "--clean --create";
else
create_opts = "--create";
parallel_exec_prog(log_file_name,
NULL,
"\"%s/pg_restore\" %s %s --exit-on-error --verbose "
"--dbname template1 \"%s\"",
new_cluster.bindir,
cluster_conn_opts(&new_cluster),
create_opts,
sql_file_name);
}
/* reap all children */
while (reap_child(true) == true)
;
end_progress_output();
check_ok();
/*
* We don't have minmxids for databases or relations in pre-9.3 clusters,
* so set those after we have restored the schema.
*/
if (GET_MAJOR_VERSION(old_cluster.major_version) < 903)
set_frozenxids(true);
/* update new_cluster info now that we have objects in the databases */
get_db_and_rel_infos(&new_cluster);
}
/*
* Delete the given subdirectory contents from the new cluster
*/
static void
remove_new_subdir(const char *subdir, bool rmtopdir)
{
char new_path[MAXPGPATH];
prep_status("Deleting files from new %s", subdir);
snprintf(new_path, sizeof(new_path), "%s/%s", new_cluster.pgdata, subdir);
if (!rmtree(new_path, rmtopdir))
pg_fatal("could not delete directory \"%s\"\n", new_path);
check_ok();
}
/*
* Copy the files from the old cluster into it
*/
static void
copy_subdir_files(const char *old_subdir, const char *new_subdir)
{
char old_path[MAXPGPATH];
char new_path[MAXPGPATH];
remove_new_subdir(new_subdir, true);
snprintf(old_path, sizeof(old_path), "%s/%s", old_cluster.pgdata, old_subdir);
snprintf(new_path, sizeof(new_path), "%s/%s", new_cluster.pgdata, new_subdir);
prep_status("Copying old %s to new server", old_subdir);
exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
#ifndef WIN32
"cp -Rf \"%s\" \"%s\"",
#else
/* flags: everything, no confirm, quiet, overwrite read-only */
"xcopy /e /y /q /r \"%s\" \"%s\\\"",
#endif
old_path, new_path);
check_ok();
}
static void
copy_xact_xlog_xid(void)
{
/*
* Copy old commit logs to new data dir. pg_clog has been renamed to
* pg_xact in post-10 clusters.
*/
copy_subdir_files(GET_MAJOR_VERSION(old_cluster.major_version) < 1000 ?
"pg_clog" : "pg_xact",
GET_MAJOR_VERSION(new_cluster.major_version) < 1000 ?
"pg_clog" : "pg_xact");
/* set the next transaction id and epoch of the new cluster */
prep_status("Setting next transaction ID and epoch for new cluster");
exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
"\"%s/pg_resetwal\" -f -x %u \"%s\"",
new_cluster.bindir, old_cluster.controldata.chkpnt_nxtxid,
new_cluster.pgdata);
exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
"\"%s/pg_resetwal\" -f -e %u \"%s\"",
new_cluster.bindir, old_cluster.controldata.chkpnt_nxtepoch,
new_cluster.pgdata);
/* must reset commit timestamp limits also */
exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
"\"%s/pg_resetwal\" -f -c %u,%u \"%s\"",
new_cluster.bindir,
old_cluster.controldata.chkpnt_nxtxid,
old_cluster.controldata.chkpnt_nxtxid,
new_cluster.pgdata);
check_ok();
/*
* If the old server is before the MULTIXACT_FORMATCHANGE_CAT_VER change
* (see pg_upgrade.h) and the new server is after, then we don't copy
* pg_multixact files, but we need to reset pg_control so that the new
* server doesn't attempt to read multis older than the cutoff value.
*/
if (old_cluster.controldata.cat_ver >= MULTIXACT_FORMATCHANGE_CAT_VER &&
new_cluster.controldata.cat_ver >= MULTIXACT_FORMATCHANGE_CAT_VER)
{
copy_subdir_files("pg_multixact/offsets", "pg_multixact/offsets");
copy_subdir_files("pg_multixact/members", "pg_multixact/members");
prep_status("Setting next multixact ID and offset for new cluster");
/*
* we preserve all files and contents, so we must preserve both "next"
* counters here and the oldest multi present on system.
*/
exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
"\"%s/pg_resetwal\" -O %u -m %u,%u \"%s\"",
new_cluster.bindir,
old_cluster.controldata.chkpnt_nxtmxoff,
old_cluster.controldata.chkpnt_nxtmulti,
old_cluster.controldata.chkpnt_oldstMulti,
new_cluster.pgdata);
check_ok();
}
else if (new_cluster.controldata.cat_ver >= MULTIXACT_FORMATCHANGE_CAT_VER)
{
/*
* Remove offsets/0000 file created by initdb that no longer matches
* the new multi-xid value. "members" starts at zero so no need to
* remove it.
*/
remove_new_subdir("pg_multixact/offsets", false);
prep_status("Setting oldest multixact ID in new cluster");
/*
* We don't preserve files in this case, but it's important that the
* oldest multi is set to the latest value used by the old system, so
* that multixact.c returns the empty set for multis that might be
* present on disk. We set next multi to the value following that; it
* might end up wrapped around (i.e. 0) if the old cluster had
* next=MaxMultiXactId, but multixact.c can cope with that just fine.
*/
exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
"\"%s/pg_resetwal\" -m %u,%u \"%s\"",
new_cluster.bindir,
old_cluster.controldata.chkpnt_nxtmulti + 1,
old_cluster.controldata.chkpnt_nxtmulti,
new_cluster.pgdata);
check_ok();
}
/* now reset the wal archives in the new cluster */
prep_status("Resetting WAL archives");
exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
/* use timeline 1 to match controldata and no WAL history file */
"\"%s/pg_resetwal\" -l 00000001%s \"%s\"", new_cluster.bindir,
old_cluster.controldata.nextxlogfile + 8,
new_cluster.pgdata);
check_ok();
}
/*
* set_frozenxids()
*
* This is called on the new cluster before we restore anything, with
* minmxid_only = false. Its purpose is to ensure that all initdb-created
* vacuumable tables have relfrozenxid/relminmxid matching the old cluster's
* xid/mxid counters. We also initialize the datfrozenxid/datminmxid of the
* built-in databases to match.
*
* As we create user tables later, their relfrozenxid/relminmxid fields will
* be restored properly by the binary-upgrade restore script. Likewise for
* user-database datfrozenxid/datminmxid. However, if we're upgrading from a
* pre-9.3 database, which does not store per-table or per-DB minmxid, then
* the relminmxid/datminmxid values filled in by the restore script will just
* be zeroes.
*
* Hence, with a pre-9.3 source database, a second call occurs after
* everything is restored, with minmxid_only = true. This pass will
* initialize all tables and databases, both those made by initdb and user
* objects, with the desired minmxid value. frozenxid values are left alone.
*/
static void
set_frozenxids(bool minmxid_only)
{
int dbnum;
PGconn *conn,
*conn_template1;
PGresult *dbres;
int ntups;
int i_datname;
int i_datallowconn;
if (!minmxid_only)
prep_status("Setting frozenxid and minmxid counters in new cluster");
else
prep_status("Setting minmxid counter in new cluster");
conn_template1 = connectToServer(&new_cluster, "template1");
if (!minmxid_only)
/* set pg_database.datfrozenxid */
PQclear(executeQueryOrDie(conn_template1,
"UPDATE pg_catalog.pg_database "
"SET datfrozenxid = '%u'",
old_cluster.controldata.chkpnt_nxtxid));
/* set pg_database.datminmxid */
PQclear(executeQueryOrDie(conn_template1,
"UPDATE pg_catalog.pg_database "
"SET datminmxid = '%u'",
old_cluster.controldata.chkpnt_nxtmulti));
/* get database names */
dbres = executeQueryOrDie(conn_template1,
"SELECT datname, datallowconn "
"FROM pg_catalog.pg_database");
i_datname = PQfnumber(dbres, "datname");
i_datallowconn = PQfnumber(dbres, "datallowconn");
ntups = PQntuples(dbres);
for (dbnum = 0; dbnum < ntups; dbnum++)
{
char *datname = PQgetvalue(dbres, dbnum, i_datname);
char *datallowconn = PQgetvalue(dbres, dbnum, i_datallowconn);
/*
* We must update databases where datallowconn = false, e.g.
* template0, because autovacuum increments their datfrozenxids,
* relfrozenxids, and relminmxid even if autovacuum is turned off, and
* even though all the data rows are already frozen. To enable this,
* we temporarily change datallowconn.
*/
if (strcmp(datallowconn, "f") == 0)
PQclear(executeQueryOrDie(conn_template1,
"ALTER DATABASE %s ALLOW_CONNECTIONS = true",
quote_identifier(datname)));
conn = connectToServer(&new_cluster, datname);
if (!minmxid_only)
/* set pg_class.relfrozenxid */
PQclear(executeQueryOrDie(conn,
"UPDATE pg_catalog.pg_class "
"SET relfrozenxid = '%u' "
/* only heap, materialized view, and TOAST are vacuumed */
"WHERE relkind IN ("
CppAsString2(RELKIND_RELATION) ", "
CppAsString2(RELKIND_MATVIEW) ", "
CppAsString2(RELKIND_TOASTVALUE) ")",
old_cluster.controldata.chkpnt_nxtxid));
/* set pg_class.relminmxid */
PQclear(executeQueryOrDie(conn,
"UPDATE pg_catalog.pg_class "
"SET relminmxid = '%u' "
/* only heap, materialized view, and TOAST are vacuumed */
"WHERE relkind IN ("
CppAsString2(RELKIND_RELATION) ", "
CppAsString2(RELKIND_MATVIEW) ", "
CppAsString2(RELKIND_TOASTVALUE) ")",
old_cluster.controldata.chkpnt_nxtmulti));
PQfinish(conn);
/* Reset datallowconn flag */
if (strcmp(datallowconn, "f") == 0)
PQclear(executeQueryOrDie(conn_template1,
"ALTER DATABASE %s ALLOW_CONNECTIONS = false",
quote_identifier(datname)));
}
PQclear(dbres);
PQfinish(conn_template1);
check_ok();
}
static void
cleanup(void)
{
fclose(log_opts.internal);
/* Remove dump and log files? */
if (!log_opts.retain)
{
int dbnum;
char **filename;
for (filename = output_files; *filename != NULL; filename++)
unlink(*filename);
/* remove dump files */
unlink(GLOBALS_DUMP_FILE);
if (old_cluster.dbarr.dbs)
for (dbnum = 0; dbnum < old_cluster.dbarr.ndbs; dbnum++)
{
char sql_file_name[MAXPGPATH],
log_file_name[MAXPGPATH];
DbInfo *old_db = &old_cluster.dbarr.dbs[dbnum];
snprintf(sql_file_name, sizeof(sql_file_name), DB_DUMP_FILE_MASK, old_db->db_oid);
unlink(sql_file_name);
snprintf(log_file_name, sizeof(log_file_name), DB_DUMP_LOG_FILE_MASK, old_db->db_oid);
unlink(log_file_name);
}
}
}
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