540 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
540 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
--
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-- CONSTRAINTS
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-- Constraints can be specified with:
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-- - DEFAULT clause
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-- - CHECK clauses
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-- - PRIMARY KEY clauses
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-- - UNIQUE clauses
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-- - EXCLUDE clauses
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--
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--
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-- DEFAULT syntax
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--
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CREATE TABLE DEFAULT_TBL (i int DEFAULT 100,
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x text DEFAULT 'vadim', f float8 DEFAULT 123.456);
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INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (1, 'thomas', 57.0613);
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INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (1, 'bruce');
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INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL (i, f) VALUES (2, 987.654);
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INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL (x) VALUES ('marc');
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INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (3, null, 1.0);
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SELECT '' AS five, * FROM DEFAULT_TBL;
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CREATE SEQUENCE DEFAULT_SEQ;
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CREATE TABLE DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i1 int DEFAULT 100 + (200-199) * 2,
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i2 int DEFAULT nextval('default_seq'));
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INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL VALUES (-1, -2);
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INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i1) VALUES (-3);
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INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i2) VALUES (-4);
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INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i2) VALUES (NULL);
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SELECT '' AS four, * FROM DEFAULTEXPR_TBL;
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-- syntax errors
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-- test for extraneous comma
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CREATE TABLE error_tbl (i int DEFAULT (100, ));
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-- this will fail because gram.y uses b_expr not a_expr for defaults,
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-- to avoid a shift/reduce conflict that arises from NOT NULL being
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-- part of the column definition syntax:
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CREATE TABLE error_tbl (b1 bool DEFAULT 1 IN (1, 2));
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-- this should work, however:
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CREATE TABLE error_tbl (b1 bool DEFAULT (1 IN (1, 2)));
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DROP TABLE error_tbl;
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--
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-- CHECK syntax
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--
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CREATE TABLE CHECK_TBL (x int,
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CONSTRAINT CHECK_CON CHECK (x > 3));
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INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (5);
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INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (4);
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INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (3);
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INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (2);
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INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (6);
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INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (1);
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SELECT '' AS three, * FROM CHECK_TBL;
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CREATE SEQUENCE CHECK_SEQ;
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CREATE TABLE CHECK2_TBL (x int, y text, z int,
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CONSTRAINT SEQUENCE_CON
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CHECK (x > 3 and y <> 'check failed' and z < 8));
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INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (4, 'check ok', -2);
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INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (1, 'x check failed', -2);
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INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (5, 'z check failed', 10);
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INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (0, 'check failed', -2);
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INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (6, 'check failed', 11);
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INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (7, 'check ok', 7);
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SELECT '' AS two, * from CHECK2_TBL;
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--
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-- Check constraints on INSERT
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--
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CREATE SEQUENCE INSERT_SEQ;
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CREATE TABLE INSERT_TBL (x INT DEFAULT nextval('insert_seq'),
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y TEXT DEFAULT '-NULL-',
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z INT DEFAULT -1 * currval('insert_seq'),
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CONSTRAINT INSERT_TBL_CON CHECK (x >= 3 AND y <> 'check failed' AND x < 8),
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CHECK (x + z = 0));
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INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,z) VALUES (2, -2);
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SELECT '' AS zero, * FROM INSERT_TBL;
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SELECT 'one' AS one, nextval('insert_seq');
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INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
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INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
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INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,z) VALUES (1, -2);
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INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(z,x) VALUES (-7, 7);
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INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (5, 'check failed', -5);
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INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (7, '!check failed', -7);
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INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('-!NULL-');
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SELECT '' AS four, * FROM INSERT_TBL;
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INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) VALUES ('check failed', 4);
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INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,y) VALUES (5, 'check failed');
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INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,y) VALUES (5, '!check failed');
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INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('-!NULL-');
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SELECT '' AS six, * FROM INSERT_TBL;
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SELECT 'seven' AS one, nextval('insert_seq');
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INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
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SELECT 'eight' AS one, currval('insert_seq');
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-- According to SQL, it is OK to insert a record that gives rise to NULL
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-- constraint-condition results. Postgres used to reject this, but it
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-- was wrong:
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INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (null, null, null);
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SELECT '' AS nine, * FROM INSERT_TBL;
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--
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-- Check constraints on system columns
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--
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CREATE TABLE SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL (city text, state text, is_capital bool,
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altitude int,
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CHECK (NOT (is_capital AND tableoid::regclass::text = 'sys_col_check_tbl')));
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INSERT INTO SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL VALUES ('Seattle', 'Washington', false, 100);
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INSERT INTO SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL VALUES ('Olympia', 'Washington', true, 100);
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SELECT *, tableoid::regclass::text FROM SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL;
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DROP TABLE SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL;
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--
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-- Check constraints on system columns other then TableOid should return error
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--
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CREATE TABLE SYS_COL_CHECK_TBL (city text, state text, is_capital bool,
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altitude int,
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CHECK (NOT (is_capital AND ctid::text = 'sys_col_check_tbl')));
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--
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-- Check inheritance of defaults and constraints
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--
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CREATE TABLE INSERT_CHILD (cx INT default 42,
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cy INT CHECK (cy > x))
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INHERITS (INSERT_TBL);
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INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (7,-7,11);
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INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (7,-7,6);
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INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (6,-7,7);
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INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,y,z,cy) VALUES (6,'check failed',-6,7);
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SELECT * FROM INSERT_CHILD;
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DROP TABLE INSERT_CHILD;
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--
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-- Check NO INHERIT type of constraints and inheritance
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--
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CREATE TABLE ATACC1 (TEST INT
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CHECK (TEST > 0) NO INHERIT);
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CREATE TABLE ATACC2 (TEST2 INT) INHERITS (ATACC1);
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-- check constraint is not there on child
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INSERT INTO ATACC2 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
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-- check constraint is there on parent
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INSERT INTO ATACC1 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
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DROP TABLE ATACC1 CASCADE;
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CREATE TABLE ATACC1 (TEST INT, TEST2 INT
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CHECK (TEST > 0), CHECK (TEST2 > 10) NO INHERIT);
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CREATE TABLE ATACC2 () INHERITS (ATACC1);
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-- check constraint is there on child
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INSERT INTO ATACC2 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
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-- check constraint is there on parent
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INSERT INTO ATACC1 (TEST) VALUES (-3);
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-- check constraint is not there on child
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INSERT INTO ATACC2 (TEST2) VALUES (3);
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-- check constraint is there on parent
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INSERT INTO ATACC1 (TEST2) VALUES (3);
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DROP TABLE ATACC1 CASCADE;
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--
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-- Check constraints on INSERT INTO
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--
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DELETE FROM INSERT_TBL;
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ALTER SEQUENCE INSERT_SEQ RESTART WITH 4;
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CREATE TABLE tmp (xd INT, yd TEXT, zd INT);
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INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (null, 'Y', null);
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INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (5, '!check failed', null);
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INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (null, 'try again', null);
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INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) select yd from tmp;
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SELECT '' AS three, * FROM INSERT_TBL;
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INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL SELECT * FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
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INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) SELECT yd, -7 FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
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INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) SELECT yd, -8 FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
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SELECT '' AS four, * FROM INSERT_TBL;
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DROP TABLE tmp;
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--
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-- Check constraints on UPDATE
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--
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UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = NULL WHERE x = 5;
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UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = 6 WHERE x = 6;
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UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = -z, z = -x;
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UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = z, z = x;
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SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
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-- DROP TABLE INSERT_TBL;
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--
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-- Check constraints on COPY FROM
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--
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CREATE TABLE COPY_TBL (x INT, y TEXT, z INT,
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CONSTRAINT COPY_CON
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CHECK (x > 3 AND y <> 'check failed' AND x < 7 ));
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COPY COPY_TBL FROM '@abs_srcdir@/data/constro.data';
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SELECT '' AS two, * FROM COPY_TBL;
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COPY COPY_TBL FROM '@abs_srcdir@/data/constrf.data';
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SELECT * FROM COPY_TBL;
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--
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-- Primary keys
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--
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CREATE TABLE PRIMARY_TBL (i int PRIMARY KEY, t text);
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INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
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INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
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INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
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INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (4, 'three');
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INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
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INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
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SELECT '' AS four, * FROM PRIMARY_TBL;
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DROP TABLE PRIMARY_TBL;
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CREATE TABLE PRIMARY_TBL (i int, t text,
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PRIMARY KEY(i,t));
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INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
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INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
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INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
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INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (4, 'three');
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INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
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INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
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SELECT '' AS three, * FROM PRIMARY_TBL;
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DROP TABLE PRIMARY_TBL;
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--
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-- Unique keys
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--
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CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_TBL (i int UNIQUE, t text);
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INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
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INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
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INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
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INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (4, 'four');
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INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
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INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
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INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('seven');
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INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'five-upsert-insert') ON CONFLICT (i) DO UPDATE SET t = 'five-upsert-update';
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INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (6, 'six-upsert-insert') ON CONFLICT (i) DO UPDATE SET t = 'six-upsert-update';
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-- should fail
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INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (2, 'b') ON CONFLICT (i) DO UPDATE SET t = 'fails';
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SELECT '' AS five, * FROM UNIQUE_TBL;
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DROP TABLE UNIQUE_TBL;
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CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_TBL (i int, t text,
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UNIQUE(i,t));
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INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
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INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
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INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
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INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
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INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
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INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
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SELECT '' AS five, * FROM UNIQUE_TBL;
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DROP TABLE UNIQUE_TBL;
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--
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-- Deferrable unique constraints
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--
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CREATE TABLE unique_tbl (i int UNIQUE DEFERRABLE, t text);
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INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (0, 'one');
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INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (1, 'two');
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INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (2, 'tree');
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INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'four');
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INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (4, 'five');
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BEGIN;
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-- default is immediate so this should fail right away
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UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = 1 WHERE i = 0;
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ROLLBACK;
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-- check is done at end of statement, so this should succeed
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UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = i+1;
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SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
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-- explicitly defer the constraint
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BEGIN;
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SET CONSTRAINTS unique_tbl_i_key DEFERRED;
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INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'three');
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DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE t = 'tree'; -- makes constraint valid again
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COMMIT; -- should succeed
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SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
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-- try adding an initially deferred constraint
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ALTER TABLE unique_tbl DROP CONSTRAINT unique_tbl_i_key;
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ALTER TABLE unique_tbl ADD CONSTRAINT unique_tbl_i_key
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UNIQUE (i) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
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BEGIN;
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INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (1, 'five');
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INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (5, 'one');
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UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = 4 WHERE i = 2;
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UPDATE unique_tbl SET i = 2 WHERE i = 4 AND t = 'four';
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DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE i = 1 AND t = 'one';
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DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE i = 5 AND t = 'five';
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COMMIT;
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SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
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-- should fail at commit-time
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BEGIN;
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INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should succeed for now
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COMMIT; -- should fail
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-- make constraint check immediate
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BEGIN;
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SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE;
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INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should fail
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COMMIT;
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-- forced check when SET CONSTRAINTS is called
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BEGIN;
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SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED;
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INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should succeed for now
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SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE; -- should fail
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COMMIT;
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-- test deferrable UNIQUE with a partitioned table
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CREATE TABLE parted_uniq_tbl (i int UNIQUE DEFERRABLE) partition by range (i);
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CREATE TABLE parted_uniq_tbl_1 PARTITION OF parted_uniq_tbl FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
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CREATE TABLE parted_uniq_tbl_2 PARTITION OF parted_uniq_tbl FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
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SELECT conname, conrelid::regclass FROM pg_constraint
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WHERE conname LIKE 'parted_uniq%' ORDER BY conname;
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BEGIN;
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INSERT INTO parted_uniq_tbl VALUES (1);
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SAVEPOINT f;
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INSERT INTO parted_uniq_tbl VALUES (1); -- unique violation
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ROLLBACK TO f;
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SET CONSTRAINTS parted_uniq_tbl_i_key DEFERRED;
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INSERT INTO parted_uniq_tbl VALUES (1); -- OK now, fail at commit
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COMMIT;
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DROP TABLE parted_uniq_tbl;
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-- test a HOT update that invalidates the conflicting tuple.
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-- the trigger should still fire and catch the violation
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BEGIN;
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INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES (3, 'Three'); -- should succeed for now
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UPDATE unique_tbl SET t = 'THREE' WHERE i = 3 AND t = 'Three';
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COMMIT; -- should fail
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SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
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-- test a HOT update that modifies the newly inserted tuple,
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-- but should succeed because we then remove the other conflicting tuple.
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BEGIN;
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INSERT INTO unique_tbl VALUES(3, 'tree'); -- should succeed for now
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UPDATE unique_tbl SET t = 'threex' WHERE t = 'tree';
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DELETE FROM unique_tbl WHERE t = 'three';
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SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
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COMMIT;
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SELECT * FROM unique_tbl;
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DROP TABLE unique_tbl;
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--
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-- EXCLUDE constraints
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--
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CREATE TABLE circles (
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c1 CIRCLE,
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c2 TEXT,
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EXCLUDE USING gist
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(c1 WITH &&, (c2::circle) WITH &&)
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WHERE (circle_center(c1) <> '(0,0)')
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);
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-- these should succeed because they don't match the index predicate
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INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(0,0), 5>', '<(0,0), 5>');
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INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(0,0), 5>', '<(0,0), 4>');
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-- succeed
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INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(10,10), 10>', '<(0,0), 5>');
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-- fail, overlaps
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INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(0,0), 4>');
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-- succeed, because violation is ignored
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INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(0,0), 4>')
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ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT circles_c1_c2_excl DO NOTHING;
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-- fail, because DO UPDATE variant requires unique index
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INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(0,0), 4>')
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ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT circles_c1_c2_excl DO UPDATE SET c2 = EXCLUDED.c2;
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-- succeed because c1 doesn't overlap
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INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 1>', '<(0,0), 5>');
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-- succeed because c2 doesn't overlap
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INSERT INTO circles VALUES('<(20,20), 10>', '<(10,10), 5>');
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-- should fail on existing data without the WHERE clause
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ALTER TABLE circles ADD EXCLUDE USING gist
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(c1 WITH &&, (c2::circle) WITH &&);
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-- try reindexing an existing constraint
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REINDEX INDEX circles_c1_c2_excl;
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DROP TABLE circles;
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-- Check deferred exclusion constraint
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CREATE TABLE deferred_excl (
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f1 int,
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f2 int,
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CONSTRAINT deferred_excl_con EXCLUDE (f1 WITH =) INITIALLY DEFERRED
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);
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INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(1);
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INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(2);
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INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(1); -- fail
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INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(1) ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT deferred_excl_con DO NOTHING; -- fail
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BEGIN;
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INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(2); -- no fail here
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COMMIT; -- should fail here
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BEGIN;
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INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(3);
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INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(3); -- no fail here
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COMMIT; -- should fail here
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-- bug #13148: deferred constraint versus HOT update
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BEGIN;
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INSERT INTO deferred_excl VALUES(2, 1); -- no fail here
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DELETE FROM deferred_excl WHERE f1 = 2 AND f2 IS NULL; -- remove old row
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UPDATE deferred_excl SET f2 = 2 WHERE f1 = 2;
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COMMIT; -- should not fail
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SELECT * FROM deferred_excl;
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ALTER TABLE deferred_excl DROP CONSTRAINT deferred_excl_con;
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-- This should fail, but worth testing because of HOT updates
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UPDATE deferred_excl SET f1 = 3;
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ALTER TABLE deferred_excl ADD EXCLUDE (f1 WITH =);
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DROP TABLE deferred_excl;
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-- Comments
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CREATE TABLE constraint_comments_tbl (a int CONSTRAINT the_constraint CHECK (a > 0));
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CREATE DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom AS int CONSTRAINT the_constraint CHECK (value > 0);
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COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS 'yes, the comment';
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COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS 'yes, another comment';
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-- no such constraint
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COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT no_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS 'yes, the comment';
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COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT no_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS 'yes, another comment';
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-- no such table/domain
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COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON no_comments_tbl IS 'bad comment';
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COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN no_comments_dom IS 'another bad comment';
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COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON constraint_comments_tbl IS NULL;
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COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT the_constraint ON DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom IS NULL;
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DROP TABLE constraint_comments_tbl;
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DROP DOMAIN constraint_comments_dom;
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