postgresql/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_opclass.sgml

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doc/src/sgml/ref/create_opclass.sgml
PostgreSQL documentation
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<refentry id="sql-createopclass">
 <indexterm zone="sql-createopclass">
  <primary>CREATE OPERATOR CLASS</primary>
 </indexterm>

 <refmeta>
  <refentrytitle>CREATE OPERATOR CLASS</refentrytitle>
  <manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
  <refmiscinfo>SQL - Language Statements</refmiscinfo>
 </refmeta>

 <refnamediv>
  <refname>CREATE OPERATOR CLASS</refname>
  <refpurpose>define a new operator class</refpurpose>
 </refnamediv>

 <refsynopsisdiv>
<synopsis>
CREATE OPERATOR CLASS <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> [ DEFAULT ] FOR TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">data_type</replaceable>
  USING <replaceable class="parameter">index_method</replaceable> [ FAMILY <replaceable class="parameter">family_name</replaceable> ] AS
  {  OPERATOR <replaceable class="parameter">strategy_number</replaceable> <replaceable class="parameter">operator_name</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">op_type</replaceable>, <replaceable class="parameter">op_type</replaceable> ) ] [ FOR SEARCH | FOR ORDER BY <replaceable class="parameter">sort_family_name</replaceable> ]
   | FUNCTION <replaceable class="parameter">support_number</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">op_type</replaceable> [ , <replaceable class="parameter">op_type</replaceable> ] ) ] <replaceable class="parameter">function_name</replaceable> ( <replaceable class="parameter">argument_type</replaceable> [, ...] )
   | STORAGE <replaceable class="parameter">storage_type</replaceable>
  } [, ... ]
</synopsis>
 </refsynopsisdiv>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Description</title>

  <para>
   <command>CREATE OPERATOR CLASS</command> creates a new operator class.
   An operator class defines how a particular data type can be used with
   an index.  The operator class specifies that certain operators will fill
   particular roles or <quote>strategies</quote> for this data type and this
   index method.  The operator class also specifies the support functions to
   be used by
   the index method when the operator class is selected for an
   index column.  All the operators and functions used by an operator
   class must be defined before the operator class can be created.
  </para>

  <para>
   If a schema name is given then the operator class is created in the
   specified schema.  Otherwise it is created in the current schema.
   Two operator classes in the same schema can have the same name only if they
   are for different index methods.
  </para>

  <para>
   The user who defines an operator class becomes its owner.  Presently,
   the creating user must be a superuser.  (This restriction is made because
   an erroneous operator class definition could confuse or even crash the
   server.)
  </para>

  <para>
   <command>CREATE OPERATOR CLASS</command> does not presently check
   whether the operator class definition includes all the operators and
   functions required by the index method, nor whether the operators and
   functions form a self-consistent set.  It is the user's
   responsibility to define a valid operator class.
  </para>

  <para>
   Related operator classes can be grouped into <firstterm>operator
   families</firstterm>.  To add a new operator class to an existing family,
   specify the <literal>FAMILY</literal> option in <command>CREATE OPERATOR
   CLASS</command>.  Without this option, the new class is placed into
   a family named the same as the new class (creating that family if
   it doesn't already exist).
  </para>

  <para>
   Refer to <xref linkend="xindex"/> for further information.
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Parameters</title>

  <variablelist>
   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The name of the operator class to be created.  The name can be
      schema-qualified.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><literal>DEFAULT</literal></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      If present, the operator class will become the default
      operator class for its data type.  At most one operator class
      can be the default for a specific data type and index method.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">data_type</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The column data type that this operator class is for.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">index_method</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The name of the index method this operator class is for.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">family_name</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The name of the existing operator family to add this operator class to.
      If not specified, a family named the same as the operator class is
      used (creating it, if it doesn't already exist).
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">strategy_number</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The index method's strategy number for an operator
      associated with the operator class.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">operator_name</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The name (optionally schema-qualified) of an operator associated
      with the operator class.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">op_type</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      In an <literal>OPERATOR</literal> clause,
      the operand data type(s) of the operator, or <literal>NONE</literal> to
      signify a prefix operator.  The operand data
      types can be omitted in the normal case where they are the same
      as the operator class's data type.
     </para>

     <para>
      In a <literal>FUNCTION</literal> clause, the operand data type(s) the
      function is intended to support, if different from
      the input data type(s) of the function (for B-tree comparison functions
      and hash functions)
      or the class's data type (for B-tree sort support functions,
      B-tree equal image functions, and all functions in GiST,
      SP-GiST, GIN and BRIN operator classes).  These defaults are
      correct, and so <replaceable
       class="parameter">op_type</replaceable> need not be specified
      in <literal>FUNCTION</literal> clauses, except for the case of a
      B-tree sort support function that is meant to support
      cross-data-type comparisons.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">sort_family_name</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The name (optionally schema-qualified) of an existing <literal>btree</literal> operator
      family that describes the sort ordering associated with an ordering
      operator.
     </para>

     <para>
      If neither <literal>FOR SEARCH</literal> nor <literal>FOR ORDER BY</literal> is
      specified, <literal>FOR SEARCH</literal> is the default.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">support_number</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The index method's support function number for a
      function associated with the operator class.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">function_name</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The name (optionally schema-qualified) of a function that is an
      index method support function for the operator class.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">argument_type</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The parameter data type(s) of the function.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">storage_type</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The data type actually stored in the index.  Normally this is
      the same as the column data type, but some index methods
      (currently GiST, GIN and BRIN) allow it to be different.  The
      <literal>STORAGE</literal> clause must be omitted unless the index
      method allows a different type to be used.
      If the column <replaceable class="parameter">data_type</replaceable> is specified
      as <type>anyarray</type>, the <replaceable class="parameter">storage_type</replaceable>
      can be declared as <type>anyelement</type> to indicate that the index
      entries are members of the element type belonging to the actual array
      type that each particular index is created for.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>
  </variablelist>

  <para>
   The <literal>OPERATOR</literal>, <literal>FUNCTION</literal>, and <literal>STORAGE</literal>
   clauses can appear in any order.
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Notes</title>

  <para>
   Because the index machinery does not check access permissions on functions
   before using them, including a function or operator in an operator class
   is tantamount to granting public execute permission on it.  This is usually
   not an issue for the sorts of functions that are useful in an operator
   class.
  </para>

  <para>
   The operators should not be defined by SQL functions.  A SQL function
   is likely to be inlined into the calling query, which will prevent
   the optimizer from recognizing that the query matches an index.
  </para>

  <para>
   Before <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.4, the <literal>OPERATOR</literal>
   clause could include a <literal>RECHECK</literal> option.  This is no longer
   supported because whether an index operator is <quote>lossy</quote> is now
   determined on-the-fly at run time.  This allows efficient handling of
   cases where an operator might or might not be lossy.
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Examples</title>

  <para>
   The following example command defines a GiST index operator class
   for the data type <literal>_int4</literal> (array of <type>int4</type>).  See the
   <xref linkend="intarray"/> module for the complete example.
  </para>

<programlisting>
CREATE OPERATOR CLASS gist__int_ops
    DEFAULT FOR TYPE _int4 USING gist AS
        OPERATOR        3       &amp;&amp;,
        OPERATOR        6       = (anyarray, anyarray),
        OPERATOR        7       @&gt;,
        OPERATOR        8       &lt;@,
        OPERATOR        20      @@ (_int4, query_int),
        FUNCTION        1       g_int_consistent (internal, _int4, smallint, oid, internal),
        FUNCTION        2       g_int_union (internal, internal),
        FUNCTION        3       g_int_compress (internal),
        FUNCTION        4       g_int_decompress (internal),
        FUNCTION        5       g_int_penalty (internal, internal, internal),
        FUNCTION        6       g_int_picksplit (internal, internal),
        FUNCTION        7       g_int_same (_int4, _int4, internal);
</programlisting>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Compatibility</title>

  <para>
   <command>CREATE OPERATOR CLASS</command> is a
   <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.  There is no
   <command>CREATE OPERATOR CLASS</command> statement in the SQL
   standard.
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>See Also</title>

  <simplelist type="inline">
   <member><xref linkend="sql-alteropclass"/></member>
   <member><xref linkend="sql-dropopclass"/></member>
   <member><xref linkend="sql-createopfamily"/></member>
   <member><xref linkend="sql-alteropfamily"/></member>
  </simplelist>
 </refsect1>
</refentry>