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chrome-ec/extra/usb_updater/gsctool.c

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/*
* Copyright 2015 The Chromium OS Authors. All rights reserved.
* Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
* found in the LICENSE file.
*/
#include <asm/byteorder.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <endian.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <libusb.h>
#include <openssl/sha.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "config.h"
#include "ccd_config.h"
#include "compile_time_macros.h"
#include "flash_log.h"
#include "generated_version.h"
#include "gsctool.h"
#include "misc_util.h"
#include "signed_header.h"
#include "tpm_registers.h"
#include "tpm_vendor_cmds.h"
#include "upgrade_fw.h"
#include "usb_descriptor.h"
#include "verify_ro.h"
/*
* This file contains the source code of a Linux application used to update
* CR50 device firmware.
*
* The CR50 firmware image consists of multiple sections, of interest to this
* app are the RO and RW code sections, two of each. When firmware update
* session is established, the CR50 device reports locations of backup RW and RO
* sections (those not used by the device at the time of transfer).
*
* Based on this information this app carves out the appropriate sections form
* the full CR50 firmware binary image and sends them to the device for
* programming into flash. Once the new sections are programmed and the device
* is restarted, the new RO and RW are used if they pass verification and are
* logically newer than the existing sections.
*
* There are two ways to communicate with the CR50 device: USB and /dev/tpm0
* (when this app is running on a chromebook with the CR50 device). Originally
* different protocols were used to communicate over different channels,
* starting with version 3 the same protocol is used.
*
* This app provides backwards compatibility to ensure that earlier CR50
* devices still can be updated.
*
*
* The host (either a local AP or a workstation) is the master of the firmware
* update protocol, it sends data to the cr50 device, which proceeses it and
* responds.
*
* The encapsultation format is different between the /dev/tpm0 and USB cases:
*
* 4 bytes 4 bytes 4 bytes variable size
* +-----------+--------------+---------------+----------~~--------------+
* + total size| block digest | dest address | data |
* +-----------+--------------+---------------+----------~~--------------+
* \ \ /
* \ \ /
* \ +----- FW update PDU sent over /dev/tpm0 -----------+
* \ /
* +--------- USB frame, requires total size field ------------+
*
* The update protocol data unints (PDUs) are passed over /dev/tpm0, the
* encapsulation includes integritiy verification and destination address of
* the data (more of this later). /dev/tpm0 transactions pretty much do not
* have size limits, whereas the USB data is sent in chunks of the size
* determined when the USB connestion is set up. This is why USB requires an
* additional encapsulation into frames to communicate the PDU size to the
* client side so that the PDU can be reassembled before passing to the
* programming function.
*
* In general, the protocol consists of two phases: connection establishment
* and actual image transfer.
*
* The very first PDU of the transfer session is used to establish the
* connection. The first PDU does not have any data, and the dest. address
* field is set to zero. Receiving such a PDU signals the programming function
* that the host intends to transfer a new image.
*
* The response to the first PDU varies depending on the protocol version.
*
* Note that protocol versions before 5 are described here for completeness,
* but are not supported any more by this utility.
*
* Version 1 is used over /dev/tpm0. The response is either 4 or 1 bytes in
* size. The 4 byte response is the *base address* of the backup RW section,
* no support for RO updates. The one byte response is an error indication,
* possibly reporting flash erase failure, command format error, etc.
*
* Version 2 is used over USB. The response is 8 bytes in size. The first four
* bytes are either the *base address* of the backup RW section (still no RO
* updates), or an error code, the same as in Version 1. The second 4 bytes
* are the protocol version number (set to 2).
*
* All versions above 2 behave the same over /dev/tpm0 and USB.
*
* Version 3 response is 16 bytes in size. The first 4 bytes are the error code
* the second 4 bytes are the protocol version (set to 3) and then 4 byte
* *offset* of the RO section followed by the 4 byte *offset* of the RW section.
*
* Version 4 response in addition to version 3 provides header revision fields
* for active RO and RW images running on the target.
*
* Once the connection is established, the image to be programmed into flash
* is transferred to the CR50 in 1K PDUs. In versions 1 and 2 the address in
* the header is the absolute address to place the block to, in version 3 and
* later it is the offset into the flash.
*
* Protocol version 5 includes RO and RW key ID information into the first PDU
* response. The key ID could be used to tell between prod and dev signing
* modes, among other things.
*
* Protocol version 6 does not change the format of the first PDU response,
* but it indicates the target's ablitiy to channel TPM vendor commands
* through USB connection.
*
* When channeling TPM vendor commands the USB frame looks as follows:
*
* 4 bytes 4 bytes 4 bytes 2 bytes variable size
* +-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------+------~~~-------+
* + total size| block digest | EXT_CMD | Vend. sub.| data |
* +-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------+------~~~-------+
*
* Where 'Vend. sub' is the vendor subcommand, and data field is subcommand
* dependent. The target tells between update PDUs and encapsulated vendor
* subcommands by looking at the EXT_CMD value - it is set to 0xbaccd00a and
* as such is guaranteed not to be a valid update PDU destination address.
*
* The vendor command response size is not fixed, it is subcommand dependent.
*
* The CR50 device responds to each update PDU with a confirmation which is 4
* bytes in size in protocol version 2, and 1 byte in size in all other
* versions. Zero value means success, non zero value is the error code
* reported by CR50.
*
* Again, vendor command responses are subcommand specific.
*/
/* Look for Cr50 FW update interface */
#define VID USB_VID_GOOGLE
#define PID CONFIG_USB_PID
#define SUBCLASS USB_SUBCLASS_GOOGLE_CR50
#define PROTOCOL USB_PROTOCOL_GOOGLE_CR50_NON_HC_FW_UPDATE
/*
* Need to create an entire TPM PDU when upgrading over /dev/tpm0 and need to
* have space to prepare the entire PDU.
*/
struct upgrade_pkt {
__be16 tag;
__be32 length;
__be32 ordinal;
__be16 subcmd;
union {
/*
* Upgrade PDUs as opposed to all other vendor and extension
* commands include two additional fields in the header.
*/
struct {
__be32 digest;
__be32 address;
char data[0];
} upgrade;
struct {
char data[0];
} command;
};
} __packed;
/*
* Structure used to simplify mapping command line options into Boolean
* variables. If an option is present, the corresponding integer value is set
* to 1.
*/
struct options_map {
char opt;
int *flag;
};
/*
* This by far exceeds the largest vendor command response size we ever
* expect.
*/
#define MAX_BUF_SIZE 500
/*
* Max. length of the board ID string representation.
*
* Board ID is either a 4-character ASCII alphanumeric string or an 8-digit
* hex.
*/
#define MAX_BOARD_ID_LENGTH 9
/*
* Length, in bytes, of the SN Bits serial number bits.
*/
#define SN_BITS_SIZE (96 >> 3)
/*
* Max. length of FW version in the format of <epoch>.<major>.<minor>
* (3 uint32_t string representation + 2 separators + NULL terminator).
*/
#define MAX_FW_VER_LENGTH 33
static int verbose_mode;
static uint32_t protocol_version;
static char *progname;
static char *short_opts = "aBbcd:F:fhIikLMmn:O:oPpR:rS:stUuVvw";
static const struct option long_opts[] = {
/* name hasarg *flag val */
{"any", 0, NULL, 'a'},
{"background_update_supported", 0, NULL, 'B'},
{"binvers", 0, NULL, 'b'},
{"board_id", 2, NULL, 'i'},
{"ccd_info", 0, NULL, 'I'},
{"ccd_lock", 0, NULL, 'k'},
{"ccd_open", 0, NULL, 'o'},
{"ccd_unlock", 0, NULL, 'U'},
{"corrupt", 0, NULL, 'c'},
{"device", 1, NULL, 'd'},
{"flog", 0, NULL, 'L'},
{"factory", 1, NULL, 'F'},
{"fwver", 0, NULL, 'f'},
{"help", 0, NULL, 'h'},
{"machine", 0, NULL, 'M'},
{"openbox_rma", 1, NULL, 'O'},
{"password", 0, NULL, 'P'},
{"post_reset", 0, NULL, 'p'},
{"rma_auth", 2, NULL, 'r'},
{"sn_bits", 1, NULL, 'S'},
{"sn_rma_inc", 1, NULL, 'R'},
{"systemdev", 0, NULL, 's'},
{"serial", 1, NULL, 'n'},
{"tpm_mode", 2, NULL, 'm'},
{"trunks_send", 0, NULL, 't'},
{"verbose", 0, NULL, 'V'},
{"version", 0, NULL, 'v'},
{"wp", 0, NULL, 'w'},
{"upstart", 0, NULL, 'u'},
{},
};
/* Helper to print debug messages when verbose flag is specified. */
static void debug(const char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list args;
if (verbose_mode) {
va_start(args, fmt);
vprintf(fmt, args);
va_end(args);
}
}
/* Helpers to convert between binary and hex ascii and back. */
static char to_hexascii(uint8_t c)
{
if (c <= 9)
return '0' + c;
return 'a' + c - 10;
}
static int from_hexascii(char c)
{
/* convert to lower case. */
c = tolower(c);
if (c < '0' || c > 'f' || ((c > '9') && (c < 'a')))
return -1; /* Not an ascii character. */
if (c <= '9')
return c - '0';
return c - 'a' + 10;
}
/* Functions to communicate with the TPM over the trunks_send --raw channel. */
/* File handle to share between write and read sides. */
static FILE *tpm_output;
static int ts_write(const void *out, size_t len)
{
const char *cmd_head = "PATH=\"${PATH}:/usr/sbin\" trunks_send --raw ";
size_t head_size = strlen(cmd_head);
char full_command[head_size + 2 * len + 1];
size_t i;
strcpy(full_command, cmd_head);
/*
* Need to convert binary input into hex ascii output to pass to the
* trunks_send command.
*/
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
uint8_t c = ((const uint8_t *)out)[i];
full_command[head_size + 2 * i] = to_hexascii(c >> 4);
full_command[head_size + 2 * i + 1] = to_hexascii(c & 0xf);
}
/* Make it a proper zero terminated string. */
full_command[sizeof(full_command) - 1] = 0;
debug("cmd: %s\n", full_command);
tpm_output = popen(full_command, "r");
if (tpm_output)
return len;
fprintf(stderr, "Error: failed to launch trunks_send --raw\n");
return -1;
}
static int ts_read(void *buf, size_t max_rx_size)
{
int i;
int pclose_rv;
int rv;
char response[max_rx_size * 2];
if (!tpm_output) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: attempt to read empty output\n");
return -1;
}
rv = fread(response, 1, sizeof(response), tpm_output);
if (rv > 0)
rv -= 1; /* Discard the \n character added by trunks_send. */
debug("response of size %d, max rx size %zd: %s\n",
rv, max_rx_size, response);
pclose_rv = pclose(tpm_output);
if (pclose_rv < 0) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Error: pclose failed: error %d (%s)\n",
errno, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
tpm_output = NULL;
if (rv & 1) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Error: trunks_send returned odd number of bytes: %s\n",
response);
return -1;
}
for (i = 0; i < rv/2; i++) {
uint8_t byte;
char c;
int nibble;
c = response[2 * i];
nibble = from_hexascii(c);
if (nibble < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: "
"trunks_send returned non hex character %c\n",
c);
return -1;
}
byte = nibble << 4;
c = response[2 * i + 1];
nibble = from_hexascii(c);
if (nibble < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: "
"trunks_send returned non hex character %c\n",
c);
return -1;
}
byte |= nibble;
((uint8_t *)buf)[i] = byte;
}
return rv/2;
}
/*
* Prepare and transfer a block to either to /dev/tpm0 or through trunks_send
* --raw, get a reply.
*/
static int tpm_send_pkt(struct transfer_descriptor *td, unsigned int digest,
unsigned int addr, const void *data, int size,
void *response, size_t *response_size,
uint16_t subcmd)
{
/* Used by transfer to /dev/tpm0 */
static uint8_t outbuf[MAX_BUF_SIZE];
struct upgrade_pkt *out = (struct upgrade_pkt *)outbuf;
int len, done;
int response_offset = offsetof(struct upgrade_pkt, command.data);
void *payload;
size_t header_size;
uint32_t rv;
const size_t rx_size = sizeof(outbuf);
debug("%s: sending to %#x %d bytes\n", __func__, addr, size);
out->tag = htobe16(0x8001);
out->subcmd = htobe16(subcmd);
if (subcmd <= LAST_EXTENSION_COMMAND)
out->ordinal = htobe32(CONFIG_EXTENSION_COMMAND);
else
out->ordinal = htobe32(TPM_CC_VENDOR_BIT_MASK);
if (subcmd == EXTENSION_FW_UPGRADE) {
/* FW Upgrade PDU header includes a couple of extra fields. */
out->upgrade.digest = digest;
out->upgrade.address = htobe32(addr);
header_size = offsetof(struct upgrade_pkt, upgrade.data);
} else {
header_size = offsetof(struct upgrade_pkt, command.data);
}
payload = outbuf + header_size;
len = size + header_size;
out->length = htobe32(len);
memcpy(payload, data, size);
#ifdef DEBUG
{
int i;
debug("Writing %d bytes to TPM at %x\n", len, addr);
for (i = 0; i < 20; i++)
debug("%2.2x ", outbuf[i]);
debug("\n");
}
#endif
switch (td->ep_type) {
case dev_xfer:
done = write(td->tpm_fd, out, len);
break;
case ts_xfer:
done = ts_write(out, len);
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s:%d: unknown transfer type %d\n",
__func__, __LINE__, td->ep_type);
return -1;
}
if (done < 0) {
perror("Could not write to TPM");
return -1;
} else if (done != len) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Wrote %d bytes, expected to write %d\n",
done, len);
return -1;
}
switch (td->ep_type) {
case dev_xfer: {
int read_count;
len = 0;
do {
uint8_t *rx_buf = outbuf + len;
size_t rx_to_go = rx_size - len;
read_count = read(td->tpm_fd, rx_buf, rx_to_go);
len += read_count;
} while (read_count);
break;
}
case ts_xfer:
len = ts_read(outbuf, rx_size);
break;
default:
/*
* This sure will never happen, type is verifed in the
* previous switch statement.
*/
len = -1;
break;
}
debug("Read %d bytes from TPM\n", len);
if (len > 0) {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
debug("%2.2x ", outbuf[i]);
debug("\n");
}
len = len - response_offset;
if (len < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Problems reading from TPM, got %d bytes\n",
len + response_offset);
return -1;
}
if (response && response_size) {
len = MIN(len, *response_size);
memcpy(response, outbuf + response_offset, len);
*response_size = len;
}
/* Return the actual return code from the TPM response header. */
memcpy(&rv, &((struct upgrade_pkt *)outbuf)->ordinal, sizeof(rv));
rv = be32toh(rv);
/* Clear out vendor command return value offset.*/
if ((rv & VENDOR_RC_ERR) == VENDOR_RC_ERR)
rv &= ~VENDOR_RC_ERR;
return rv;
}
/* Release USB device and return error to the OS. */
static void shut_down(struct usb_endpoint *uep)
{
usb_shut_down(uep);
exit(update_error);
}
static void usage(int errs)
{
printf("\nUsage: %s [options] [<binary image>]\n"
"\n"
"This utility allows to update Cr50 RW firmware, configure\n"
"various aspects of Cr50 operation, analyze Cr50 binary\n"
"images, etc.\n"
"The required argument is the file name of a full RO+RW\n"
"binary image.\n"
"A typical Chromebook use would expect -s -t options\n"
"included in the command line.\n"
"\n"
"Options:\n"
"\n"
" -a,--any Try any interfaces to find Cr50"
" (-d, -s, -t are all ignored)\n"
" -b,--binvers Report versions of Cr50 image's "
"RW and RO headers, do not update\n"
" -c,--corrupt Corrupt the inactive rw\n"
" -d,--device VID:PID USB device (default %04x:%04x)\n"
" -f,--fwver "
"Report running Cr50 firmware versions\n"
" -F,--factory [enable|disable]\n"
" Control factory mode\n"
" -h,--help Show this message\n"
" -I,--ccd_info Get information about CCD state\n"
" -i,--board_id [ID[:FLAGS]]\n"
" Get or set Info1 board ID fields\n"
" ID could be 32 bit hex or 4 "
"character string.\n"
" -k,--ccd_lock Lock CCD\n"
" -L,--flog [prev entry] Retrieve contents of the flash log"
" (newer than <prev entry> if specified)\n"
" -M,--machine Output in a machine-friendly way. "
"Effective with -b, -f, -i, and -O.\n"
" -m,--tpm_mode [enable|disable]\n"
" Change or query tpm_mode\n"
" -n,--serial SERIAL Cr50 CCD serial number\n"
" -O,--openbox_rma <desc_file>\n"
" Verify other device's RO integrity\n"
" using information provided in "
"<desc file>\n"
" -o,--ccd_open Start CCD open sequence\n"
" -P,--password\n"
" Set or clear CCD password. Use\n"
" 'clear:<cur password>' to clear it\n"
" -p,--post_reset Request post reset after transfer\n"
" -R,--sn_rma_inc RMA_INC\n"
" Increment SN RMA count by RMA_INC.\n"
" RMA_INC should be 0-7.\n"
" -r,--rma_auth [auth_code]\n"
" Request RMA challenge, process "
"RMA authentication code\n"
" -S,--sn_bits SN_BITS\n"
" Set Info1 SN bits fields.\n"
" SN_BITS should be 96 bit hex.\n"
" -s,--systemdev Use /dev/tpm0 (-d is ignored)\n"
" -t,--trunks_send Use `trunks_send --raw' "
"(-d is ignored)\n"
" -U,--ccd_unlock Start CCD unlock sequence\n"
" -u,--upstart "
"Upstart mode (strict header checks)\n"
" -V,--verbose Enable debug messages\n"
" -v,--version Report this utility version\n"
" -w,--wp Get the current wp setting\n"
"\n", progname, VID, PID);
exit(errs ? update_error : noop);
}
/* Read file into buffer */
static uint8_t *get_file_or_die(const char *filename, size_t *len_ptr)
{
FILE *fp;
struct stat st;
uint8_t *data;
size_t len;
fp = fopen(filename, "rb");
if (!fp) {
perror(filename);
exit(update_error);
}
if (fstat(fileno(fp), &st)) {
perror("stat");
exit(update_error);
}
len = st.st_size;
data = malloc(len);
if (!data) {
perror("malloc");
exit(update_error);
}
if (1 != fread(data, st.st_size, 1, fp)) {
perror("fread");
exit(update_error);
}
fclose(fp);
*len_ptr = len;
return data;
}
/* Returns true if parsed. */
static int parse_vidpid(const char *input, uint16_t *vid_ptr, uint16_t *pid_ptr)
{
char *copy, *s, *e = 0;
copy = strdup(input);
s = strchr(copy, ':');
if (!s)
return 0;
*s++ = '\0';
*vid_ptr = (uint16_t) strtoul(copy, &e, 16);
if (!*optarg || (e && *e))
return 0;
*pid_ptr = (uint16_t) strtoul(s, &e, 16);
if (!*optarg || (e && *e))
return 0;
return 1;
}
struct update_pdu {
uint32_t block_size; /* Total block size, include this field's size. */
struct upgrade_command cmd;
/* The actual payload goes here. */
};
static void do_xfer(struct usb_endpoint *uep, void *outbuf, int outlen,
void *inbuf, int inlen, int allow_less, size_t *rxed_count)
{
if (usb_trx(uep, outbuf, outlen, inbuf, inlen, allow_less, rxed_count))
shut_down(uep);
}
static int transfer_block(struct usb_endpoint *uep, struct update_pdu *updu,
uint8_t *transfer_data_ptr, size_t payload_size)
{
size_t transfer_size;
uint32_t reply;
int actual;
int r;
/* First send the header. */
do_xfer(uep, updu, sizeof(*updu), NULL, 0, 0, NULL);
/* Now send the block, chunk by chunk. */
for (transfer_size = 0; transfer_size < payload_size;) {
int chunk_size;
chunk_size = MIN(uep->chunk_len, payload_size - transfer_size);
do_xfer(uep, transfer_data_ptr, chunk_size, NULL, 0, 0, NULL);
transfer_data_ptr += chunk_size;
transfer_size += chunk_size;
}
/* Now get the reply. */
r = libusb_bulk_transfer(uep->devh, uep->ep_num | 0x80,
(void *) &reply, sizeof(reply),
&actual, 1000);
if (r) {
if (r == -7) {
fprintf(stderr, "Timeout!\n");
return r;
}
USB_ERROR("libusb_bulk_transfer", r);
shut_down(uep);
}
reply = *((uint8_t *)&reply);
if (reply) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: status %#x\n", reply);
exit(update_error);
}
return 0;
}
/**
* Transfer an image section (typically RW or RO).
*
* td - transfer descriptor to use to communicate with the target
* data_ptr - pointer at the section base in the image
* section_addr - address of the section in the target memory space
* data_len - section size
*/
static void transfer_section(struct transfer_descriptor *td,
uint8_t *data_ptr,
uint32_t section_addr,
size_t data_len)
{
/*
* Actually, we can skip trailing chunks of 0xff, as the entire
* section space must be erased before the update is attempted.
*/
while (data_len && (data_ptr[data_len - 1] == 0xff))
data_len--;
/*
* Make sure total size is 4 bytes aligned, this is required for
* successful flashing.
*/
data_len = (data_len + 3) & ~3;
printf("sending 0x%zx bytes to %#x\n", data_len, section_addr);
while (data_len) {
size_t payload_size;
SHA_CTX ctx;
uint8_t digest[SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH];
int max_retries;
struct update_pdu updu;
/* prepare the header to prepend to the block. */
payload_size = MIN(data_len, SIGNED_TRANSFER_SIZE);
updu.block_size = htobe32(payload_size +
sizeof(struct update_pdu));
updu.cmd.block_base = htobe32(section_addr);
/* Calculate the digest. */
SHA1_Init(&ctx);
SHA1_Update(&ctx, &updu.cmd.block_base,
sizeof(updu.cmd.block_base));
SHA1_Update(&ctx, data_ptr, payload_size);
SHA1_Final(digest, &ctx);
/* Copy the first few bytes. */
memcpy(&updu.cmd.block_digest, digest,
sizeof(updu.cmd.block_digest));
if (td->ep_type == usb_xfer) {
for (max_retries = 10; max_retries; max_retries--)
if (!transfer_block(&td->uep, &updu,
data_ptr, payload_size))
break;
if (!max_retries) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Failed to transfer block, %zd to go\n",
data_len);
exit(update_error);
}
} else {
uint8_t error_code[4];
size_t rxed_size = sizeof(error_code);
uint32_t block_addr;
block_addr = section_addr;
/*
* A single byte response is expected, but let's give
* the driver a few extra bytes to catch cases when a
* different amount of data is transferred (which
* would indicate a synchronization problem).
*/
if (tpm_send_pkt(td,
updu.cmd.block_digest,
block_addr,
data_ptr,
payload_size, error_code,
&rxed_size,
EXTENSION_FW_UPGRADE) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Failed to trasfer block, %zd to go\n",
data_len);
exit(update_error);
}
if (rxed_size != 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected return size %zd\n",
rxed_size);
exit(update_error);
}
if (error_code[0]) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error %d\n", error_code[0]);
exit(update_error);
}
}
data_len -= payload_size;
data_ptr += payload_size;
section_addr += payload_size;
}
}
/* Information about the target */
static struct first_response_pdu targ;
/*
* Each RO or RW section of the new image can be in one of the following
* states.
*/
enum upgrade_status {
not_needed = 0, /* Version below or equal that on the target. */
not_possible, /*
* RO is newer, but can't be transferred due to
* target RW shortcomings.
*/
needed /*
* This section needs to be transferred to the
* target.
*/
};
/* This array describes all four sections of the new image. */
static struct {
const char *name;
uint32_t offset;
uint32_t size;
enum upgrade_status ustatus;
struct signed_header_version shv;
uint32_t keyid;
} sections[] = {
{"RO_A", CONFIG_RO_MEM_OFF, CONFIG_RO_SIZE},
{"RW_A", CONFIG_RW_MEM_OFF, CONFIG_RW_SIZE},
{"RO_B", CHIP_RO_B_MEM_OFF, CONFIG_RO_SIZE},
{"RW_B", CONFIG_RW_B_MEM_OFF, CONFIG_RW_SIZE}
};
/*
* Scan the new image and retrieve versions of all four sections, two RO and
* two RW.
*/
static void fetch_header_versions(const void *image)
{
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(sections); i++) {
const struct SignedHeader *h;
h = (const struct SignedHeader *)((uintptr_t)image +
sections[i].offset);
sections[i].shv.epoch = h->epoch_;
sections[i].shv.major = h->major_;
sections[i].shv.minor = h->minor_;
sections[i].keyid = h->keyid;
}
}
/* Compare to signer headers and determine which one is newer. */
static int a_newer_than_b(struct signed_header_version *a,
struct signed_header_version *b)
{
uint32_t fields[][3] = {
{a->epoch, a->major, a->minor},
{b->epoch, b->major, b->minor},
};
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(fields[0]); i++) {
uint32_t a_value;
uint32_t b_value;
a_value = fields[0][i];
b_value = fields[1][i];
/*
* Let's filter out images where the section is not
* initialized and the version field value is set to all ones.
*/
if (a_value == 0xffffffff)
a_value = 0;
if (b_value == 0xffffffff)
b_value = 0;
if (a_value != b_value)
return a_value > b_value;
}
return 0; /* All else being equal A is no newer than B. */
}
/*
* Pick sections to transfer based on information retrieved from the target,
* the new image, and the protocol version the target is running.
*/
static void pick_sections(struct transfer_descriptor *td)
{
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(sections); i++) {
uint32_t offset = sections[i].offset;
if ((offset == CONFIG_RW_MEM_OFF) ||
(offset == CONFIG_RW_B_MEM_OFF)) {
/* Skip currently active section. */
if (offset != td->rw_offset)
continue;
/*
* Ok, this would be the RW section to transfer to the
* device. Is it newer in the new image than the
* running RW section on the device?
*
* If not in 'upstart' mode - transfer even if
* versions are the same, timestamps could be
* different.
*/
if (a_newer_than_b(&sections[i].shv, &targ.shv[1]) ||
!td->upstart_mode)
sections[i].ustatus = needed;
continue;
}
/* Skip currently active section. */
if (offset != td->ro_offset)
continue;
/*
* Ok, this would be the RO section to transfer to the device.
* Is it newer in the new image than the running RO section on
* the device?
*/
if (a_newer_than_b(&sections[i].shv, &targ.shv[0]))
sections[i].ustatus = needed;
}
}
static void setup_connection(struct transfer_descriptor *td)
{
size_t rxed_size;
size_t i;
uint32_t error_code;
/*
* Need to be backwards compatible, communicate with targets running
* different protocol versions.
*/
union {
struct first_response_pdu rpdu;
uint32_t legacy_resp;
} start_resp;
/* Send start request. */
printf("start\n");
if (td->ep_type == usb_xfer) {
struct update_pdu updu;
memset(&updu, 0, sizeof(updu));
updu.block_size = htobe32(sizeof(updu));
do_xfer(&td->uep, &updu, sizeof(updu), &start_resp,
sizeof(start_resp), 1, &rxed_size);
} else {
rxed_size = sizeof(start_resp);
if (tpm_send_pkt(td, 0, 0, NULL, 0,
&start_resp, &rxed_size,
EXTENSION_FW_UPGRADE) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to start transfer\n");
exit(update_error);
}
}
/* We got something. Check for errors in response */
if (rxed_size < 8) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected response size %zd: ", rxed_size);
for (i = 0; i < rxed_size; i++)
fprintf(stderr, " %02x", ((uint8_t *)&start_resp)[i]);
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
exit(update_error);
}
protocol_version = be32toh(start_resp.rpdu.protocol_version);
if (protocol_version < 5) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported protocol version %d\n",
protocol_version);
exit(update_error);
}
printf("target running protocol version %d\n", protocol_version);
error_code = be32toh(start_resp.rpdu.return_value);
if (error_code) {
fprintf(stderr, "Target reporting error %d\n", error_code);
if (td->ep_type == usb_xfer)
shut_down(&td->uep);
exit(update_error);
}
td->rw_offset = be32toh(start_resp.rpdu.backup_rw_offset);
td->ro_offset = be32toh(start_resp.rpdu.backup_ro_offset);
/* Running header versions. */
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(targ.shv); i++) {
targ.shv[i].minor = be32toh(start_resp.rpdu.shv[i].minor);
targ.shv[i].major = be32toh(start_resp.rpdu.shv[i].major);
targ.shv[i].epoch = be32toh(start_resp.rpdu.shv[i].epoch);
}
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(targ.keyid); i++)
targ.keyid[i] = be32toh(start_resp.rpdu.keyid[i]);
printf("keyids: RO 0x%08x, RW 0x%08x\n", targ.keyid[0], targ.keyid[1]);
printf("offsets: backup RO at %#x, backup RW at %#x\n",
td->ro_offset, td->rw_offset);
pick_sections(td);
}
/*
* Channel TPM extension/vendor command over USB. The payload of the USB frame
* in this case consists of the 2 byte subcommand code concatenated with the
* command body. The caller needs to indicate if a response is expected, and
* if it is - of what maximum size.
*/
static int ext_cmd_over_usb(struct usb_endpoint *uep, uint16_t subcommand,
const void *cmd_body, size_t body_size,
void *resp, size_t *resp_size)
{
struct update_frame_header *ufh;
uint16_t *frame_ptr;
size_t usb_msg_size;
SHA_CTX ctx;
uint8_t digest[SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH];
usb_msg_size = sizeof(struct update_frame_header) +
sizeof(subcommand) + body_size;
ufh = malloc(usb_msg_size);
if (!ufh) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to allocate %zd bytes\n",
__func__, usb_msg_size);
return -1;
}
ufh->block_size = htobe32(usb_msg_size);
ufh->cmd.block_base = htobe32(CONFIG_EXTENSION_COMMAND);
frame_ptr = (uint16_t *)(ufh + 1);
*frame_ptr = htobe16(subcommand);
if (body_size)
memcpy(frame_ptr + 1, cmd_body, body_size);
/* Calculate the digest. */
SHA1_Init(&ctx);
SHA1_Update(&ctx, &ufh->cmd.block_base,
usb_msg_size -
offsetof(struct update_frame_header, cmd.block_base));
SHA1_Final(digest, &ctx);
memcpy(&ufh->cmd.block_digest, digest, sizeof(ufh->cmd.block_digest));
do_xfer(uep, ufh, usb_msg_size, resp,
resp_size ? *resp_size : 0, 1, resp_size);
free(ufh);
return 0;
}
/*
* Indicate to the target that update image transfer has been completed. Upon
* receiveing of this message the target state machine transitions into the
* 'rx_idle' state. The host may send an extension command to reset the target
* after this.
*/
static void send_done(struct usb_endpoint *uep)
{
uint32_t out;
/* Send stop request, ignoring reply. */
out = htobe32(UPGRADE_DONE);
do_xfer(uep, &out, sizeof(out), &out, 1, 0, NULL);
}
/* Returns number of successfully transmitted image sections. */
static int transfer_image(struct transfer_descriptor *td,
uint8_t *data, size_t data_len)
{
size_t j;
int num_txed_sections = 0;
/*
* In case both RO and RW updates are required, make sure the RW
* section is updated before the RO. The array below keeps sections
* offsets in the required order.
*/
const size_t update_order[] = {CONFIG_RW_MEM_OFF,
CONFIG_RW_B_MEM_OFF,
CONFIG_RO_MEM_OFF,
CHIP_RO_B_MEM_OFF};
for (j = 0; j < ARRAY_SIZE(update_order); j++) {
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(sections); i++) {
if (sections[i].offset != update_order[j])
continue;
if (sections[i].ustatus != needed)
break;
transfer_section(td,
data + sections[i].offset,
sections[i].offset,
sections[i].size);
num_txed_sections++;
}
}
if (!num_txed_sections)
printf("nothing to do\n");
else
printf("-------\nupdate complete\n");
return num_txed_sections;
}
uint32_t send_vendor_command(struct transfer_descriptor *td,
uint16_t subcommand,
const void *command_body,
size_t command_body_size,
void *response,
size_t *response_size)
{
int32_t rv;
if (td->ep_type == usb_xfer) {
/*
* When communicating over USB the response is always supposed
* to have the result code in the first byte of the response,
* to be stripped from the actual response body by this
* function.
*/
uint8_t temp_response[MAX_BUF_SIZE];
size_t max_response_size;
if (!response_size) {
max_response_size = 1;
} else if (*response_size < (sizeof(temp_response))) {
max_response_size = *response_size + 1;
} else {
fprintf(stderr,
"Error: Expected response too large (%zd)\n",
*response_size);
/* Should happen only when debugging. */
exit(update_error);
}
ext_cmd_over_usb(&td->uep, subcommand,
command_body, command_body_size,
temp_response, &max_response_size);
if (!max_response_size) {
/*
* we must be talking to an older Cr50 firmware, which
* does not return the result code in the first byte
* on success, nothing to do.
*/
if (response_size)
*response_size = 0;
rv = 0;
} else {
rv = temp_response[0];
if (response_size) {
*response_size = max_response_size - 1;
memcpy(response,
temp_response + 1, *response_size);
}
}
} else {
rv = tpm_send_pkt(td, 0, 0,
command_body, command_body_size,
response, response_size, subcommand);
if (rv == -1) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Error: Failed to send vendor command %d\n",
subcommand);
exit(update_error);
}
}
return rv; /* This will be converted into uint32_t */
}
/*
* Corrupt the header of the inactive rw image to make sure the system can't
* rollback
*/
static void invalidate_inactive_rw(struct transfer_descriptor *td)
{
/* Corrupt the rw image that is not running. */
uint32_t rv;
rv = send_vendor_command(td, VENDOR_CC_INVALIDATE_INACTIVE_RW,
NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
if (!rv) {
printf("Inactive header invalidated\n");
return;
}
fprintf(stderr, "*%s: Error %#x\n", __func__, rv);
exit(update_error);
}
static struct signed_header_version ver19 = {
.epoch = 0,
.major = 0,
.minor = 19,
};
static void generate_reset_request(struct transfer_descriptor *td)
{
size_t response_size;
uint8_t response;
uint16_t subcommand;
uint8_t command_body[2]; /* Max command body size. */
size_t command_body_size;
uint32_t background_update_supported;
const char *reset_type;
int rv;
if (protocol_version < 6) {
if (td->ep_type == usb_xfer) {
/*
* Send a second stop request, which should reboot
* without replying.
*/
send_done(&td->uep);
}
/* Nothing we can do over /dev/tpm0 running versions below 6. */
return;
}
/* RW version 0.0.19 and above has support for background updates. */
background_update_supported = td->background_update_supported ||
!a_newer_than_b(&ver19, &targ.shv[1]);
/*
* If this is an upstart request and there is support for background
* updates, don't post a request now. The target should handle it on
* the next reboot.
*/
if (td->upstart_mode && background_update_supported)
return;
/*
* If the user explicitly wants it or a reset is needed because h1
* does not support background updates, request post reset instead of
* immediate reset. In this case next time the target reboots, the h1
* will reboot as well, and will consider running the uploaded code.
*
* In case target RW version is 19 or above, to reset the target the
* host is supposed to send the command to enable the uploaded image
* disabled by default.
*
* Otherwise the immediate reset command would suffice.
*/
/* Most common case. */
command_body_size = 0;
response_size = 1;
if (td->post_reset || td->upstart_mode) {
subcommand = EXTENSION_POST_RESET;
reset_type = "posted";
} else if (background_update_supported) {
subcommand = VENDOR_CC_TURN_UPDATE_ON;
command_body_size = sizeof(command_body);
command_body[0] = 0;
command_body[1] = 100; /* Reset in 100 ms. */
reset_type = "requested";
} else {
response_size = 0;
subcommand = VENDOR_CC_IMMEDIATE_RESET;
reset_type = "triggered";
}
rv = send_vendor_command(td, subcommand, command_body,
command_body_size, &response, &response_size);
if (rv) {
fprintf(stderr, "*%s: Error %#x\n", __func__, rv);
exit(update_error);
}
printf("reboot %s\n", reset_type);
}
/*
* Machine output is formatted as "key=value", one key-value pair per line, and
* parsed by other programs (e.g., debugd). The value part should be specified
* in the printf-like way. For example:
*
* print_machine_output("date", "%d/%d/%d", 2018, 1, 1),
*
* which outputs this line in console:
*
* date=2018/1/1
*
* The key part should not contain '=' or newline. The value part may contain
* special characters like spaces, quotes, brackets, but not newlines. The
* newline character means end of value.
*
* Any output format change in this function may require similar changes on the
* programs that are using this gsctool.
*/
__attribute__((__format__(__printf__, 2, 3)))
static void print_machine_output(const char *key, const char *format, ...)
{
va_list args;
if (strchr(key, '=') != NULL || strchr(key, '\n') != NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Error: key %s contains '=' or a newline character.\n",
key);
return;
}
if (strchr(format, '\n') != NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Error: value format %s contains a newline character. "
"\n",
format);
return;
}
va_start(args, format);
printf("%s=", key);
vprintf(format, args);
printf("\n");
va_end(args);
}
/*
* Prints out the header, including FW versions and board IDs, of the given
* image. Output in a machine-friendly format if show_machine_output is true.
*/
static int show_headers_versions(const void *image, bool show_machine_output)
{
/*
* There are 2 FW slots in an image, and each slot has 2 sections, RO
* and RW. The 2 slots should have identical FW versions and board
* IDs.
*/
const struct {
const char *name;
uint32_t offset;
} sections[] = {
/* Slot A. */
{"RO", CONFIG_RO_MEM_OFF},
{"RW", CONFIG_RW_MEM_OFF},
/* Slot B. */
{"RO", CHIP_RO_B_MEM_OFF},
{"RW", CONFIG_RW_B_MEM_OFF}
};
const size_t kNumSlots = 2;
const size_t kNumSectionsPerSlot = 2;
/*
* String representation of FW version (<epoch>:<major>:<minor>), one
* string for each FW section.
*/
char ro_fw_ver[kNumSlots][MAX_FW_VER_LENGTH];
char rw_fw_ver[kNumSlots][MAX_FW_VER_LENGTH];
struct board_id {
uint32_t id;
uint32_t mask;
uint32_t flags;
} bid[kNumSlots];
char bid_string[kNumSlots][MAX_BOARD_ID_LENGTH];
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(sections); i++) {
const struct SignedHeader *h =
(const struct SignedHeader *)
((uintptr_t)image + sections[i].offset);
const size_t slot_idx = i / kNumSectionsPerSlot;
uint32_t cur_bid;
size_t j;
if (sections[i].name[1] == 'O') {
/* RO. */
snprintf(ro_fw_ver[slot_idx], MAX_FW_VER_LENGTH,
"%d.%d.%d", h->epoch_, h->major_, h->minor_);
/* No need to read board ID in an RO section. */
continue;
} else {
/* RW. */
snprintf(rw_fw_ver[slot_idx], MAX_FW_VER_LENGTH,
"%d.%d.%d", h->epoch_, h->major_, h->minor_);
}
/*
* For RW sections, retrieves the board ID fields' contents,
* which are stored XORed with a padding value.
*/
bid[slot_idx].id = h->board_id_type ^ SIGNED_HEADER_PADDING;
bid[slot_idx].mask =
h->board_id_type_mask ^ SIGNED_HEADER_PADDING;
bid[slot_idx].flags = h->board_id_flags ^ SIGNED_HEADER_PADDING;
/*
* If board ID is a 4-uppercase-letter string (as it ought to
* be), print it as 4 letters, otherwise print it as an 8-digit
* hex.
*/
cur_bid = bid[slot_idx].id;
for (j = 0; j < sizeof(cur_bid); ++j)
if (!isupper(((const char *)&cur_bid)[j]))
break;
if (j == sizeof(cur_bid)) {
cur_bid = be32toh(cur_bid);
snprintf(bid_string[slot_idx], MAX_BOARD_ID_LENGTH,
"%.4s", (const char *)&cur_bid);
} else {
snprintf(bid_string[slot_idx], MAX_BOARD_ID_LENGTH,
"%08x", cur_bid);
}
}
if (show_machine_output) {
print_machine_output("IMAGE_RO_FW_VER", "%s", ro_fw_ver[0]);
print_machine_output("IMAGE_RW_FW_VER", "%s", rw_fw_ver[0]);
print_machine_output("IMAGE_BID_STRING", "%s", bid_string[0]);
print_machine_output("IMAGE_BID_MASK", "%08x", bid[0].mask);
print_machine_output("IMAGE_BID_FLAGS", "%08x", bid[0].flags);
} else {
printf("RO_A:%s RW_A:%s[%s:%08x:%08x] ",
ro_fw_ver[0], rw_fw_ver[0],
bid_string[0], bid[0].mask, bid[0].flags);
printf("RO_B:%s RW_B:%s[%s:%08x:%08x]\n",
ro_fw_ver[1], rw_fw_ver[1],
bid_string[1], bid[1].mask, bid[1].flags);
}
return 0;
}
/*
* The default flag value will allow to run images built for any hardware
* generation of a particular board ID.
*/
#define DEFAULT_BOARD_ID_FLAG 0xff00
static int parse_bid(const char *opt,
struct board_id *bid,
enum board_id_action *bid_action)
{
char *e;
const char *param2;
size_t param1_length;
if (!opt) {
*bid_action = bid_get;
return 1;
}
/* Set it here to make bailing out easier later. */
bid->flags = DEFAULT_BOARD_ID_FLAG;
*bid_action = bid_set; /* Ignored by caller on errors. */
/*
* Pointer to the optional second component of the command line
* parameter, when present - separated by a colon.
*/
param2 = strchr(opt, ':');
if (param2) {
param1_length = param2 - opt;
param2++;
if (!*param2)
return 0; /* Empty second parameter. */
} else {
param1_length = strlen(opt);
}
if (!param1_length)
return 0; /* Colon is the first character of the string? */
if (param1_length <= 4) {
unsigned i;
/* Input must be a symbolic board name. */
bid->type = 0;
for (i = 0; i < param1_length; i++)
bid->type = (bid->type << 8) | opt[i];
} else {
bid->type = (uint32_t)strtoul(opt, &e, 0);
if ((param2 && (*e != ':')) || (!param2 && *e))
return 0;
}
if (param2) {
bid->flags = (uint32_t)strtoul(param2, &e, 0);
if (*e)
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
/*
* Reads a two-character hexadecimal byte from a string. If the string is
* ill-formed, returns 0. Otherwise, |byte| contains the byte value and the
* return value is non-zero.
*/
static int read_hex_byte(const char* s, uint8_t* byte) {
uint8_t b = 0;
for (const char* end = s + 2; s < end; ++s) {
if (*s >= '0' && *s <= '9')
b = b * 16 + *s - '0';
else if (*s >= 'A' && *s <= 'F')
b = b * 16 + 10 + *s - 'A';
else if (*s >= 'a' && *s <= 'f')
b = b * 16 + 10 + *s - 'a';
else
return 0;
}
*byte = b;
return 1;
}
static int parse_sn_bits(const char *opt, uint8_t *sn_bits)
{
size_t len = strlen(opt);
if (!strncmp(opt, "0x", 2)) {
opt += 2;
len -= 2;
}
if (len != SN_BITS_SIZE * 2) return 0;
for (int i = 0; i < SN_BITS_SIZE; ++i, opt +=2)
if (!read_hex_byte(opt, sn_bits++)) return 0;
return 1;
}
static int parse_sn_inc_rma(const char *opt, uint8_t *arg)
{
uint32_t inc;
char *e;
inc = (uint32_t)strtoul(opt, &e, 0);
if (opt == e || *e != '\0' || inc > 7)
return 0;
*arg = inc;
return 1;
}
static uint32_t common_process_password(struct transfer_descriptor *td,
enum ccd_vendor_subcommands subcmd)
{
size_t response_size;
uint8_t response;
uint32_t rv;
char *password = NULL;
char *password_copy = NULL;
size_t copy_len = 0;
size_t len = 0;
struct termios oldattr, newattr;
/* Suppress command line echo while password is being entered. */
tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &oldattr);
newattr = oldattr;
newattr.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;
newattr.c_lflag |= (ICANON | ECHONL);
tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &newattr);
/* With command line echo suppressed request password entry twice. */
printf("Enter password:");
len = getline(&password, &len, stdin);
printf("Re-enter password:");
getline(&password_copy, &copy_len, stdin);
/* Restore command line echo. */
tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &oldattr);
/* Empty password will still have the newline. */
if ((len <= 1) || !password_copy) {
if (password)
free(password);
if (password_copy)
free(password_copy);
fprintf(stderr, "Error reading password\n");
exit(update_error);
}
/* Compare the two inputs. */
if (strcmp(password, password_copy)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Entered passwords don't match\n");
free(password);
free(password_copy);
exit(update_error);
}
/*
* Ok, we have a password, let's move it in the buffer to overwrite
* the newline and free a byte to prepend the subcommand code.
*/
memmove(password + 1, password, len - 1);
password[0] = subcmd;
response_size = sizeof(response);
rv = send_vendor_command(td, VENDOR_CC_CCD,
password, len,
&response, &response_size);
free(password);
free(password_copy);
if ((rv != VENDOR_RC_SUCCESS) && (rv != VENDOR_RC_IN_PROGRESS))
fprintf(stderr, "Error sending password: rv %d, response %d\n",
rv, response_size ? response : 0);
return rv;
}
static void process_password(struct transfer_descriptor *td)
{
if (common_process_password(td, CCDV_PASSWORD) == VENDOR_RC_SUCCESS)
return;
exit(update_error);
}
void poll_for_pp(struct transfer_descriptor *td,
uint16_t command,
uint8_t poll_type)
{
uint8_t response;
uint8_t prev_response;
size_t response_size;
int rv;
prev_response = ~0; /* Guaranteed invalid value. */
while (1) {
response_size = sizeof(response);
rv = send_vendor_command(td, command,
&poll_type, sizeof(poll_type),
&response, &response_size);
if (((rv != VENDOR_RC_SUCCESS) && (rv != VENDOR_RC_IN_PROGRESS))
|| (response_size != 1)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: rv %d, response %d\n",
rv, response_size ? response : 0);
exit(update_error);
}
if (response == CCD_PP_DONE) {
printf("PP Done!\n");
return;
}
if (response == CCD_PP_CLOSED) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Error: Physical presence check timeout!\n");
exit(update_error);
}
if (response == CCD_PP_AWAITING_PRESS) {
printf("Press PP button now!\n");
} else if (response == CCD_PP_BETWEEN_PRESSES) {
if (prev_response != response)
printf("Another press will be required!\n");
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: unknown poll result %d\n",
response);
exit(update_error);
}
prev_response = response;
usleep(500 * 1000); /* Poll every half a second. */
}
}
static void print_ccd_info(void *response, size_t response_size)
{
struct ccd_info_response ccd_info;
size_t i;
const struct ccd_capability_info cap_info[] = CAP_INFO_DATA;
const char *state_names[] = CCD_STATE_NAMES;
const char *cap_state_names[] = CCD_CAP_STATE_NAMES;
uint32_t caps_bitmap = 0;
if (response_size != sizeof(ccd_info)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected CCD info response size %zd\n",
response_size);
exit(update_error);
}
memcpy(&ccd_info, response, sizeof(ccd_info));
/* Convert it back to host endian format. */
ccd_info.ccd_flags = be32toh(ccd_info.ccd_flags);
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ccd_info.ccd_caps_current); i++) {
ccd_info.ccd_caps_current[i] =
be32toh(ccd_info.ccd_caps_current[i]);
ccd_info.ccd_caps_defaults[i] =
be32toh(ccd_info.ccd_caps_defaults[i]);
}
/* Now report CCD state on the console. */
printf("State: %s\n", ccd_info.ccd_state > ARRAY_SIZE(state_names) ?
"Error" : state_names[ccd_info.ccd_state]);
printf("Password: %s\n", (ccd_info.ccd_indicator_bitmap &
CCD_INDICATOR_BIT_HAS_PASSWORD) ? "Set" : "None");
printf("Flags: %#06x\n", ccd_info.ccd_flags);
printf("Capabilities, current and default:\n");
for (i = 0; i < CCD_CAP_COUNT; i++) {
int is_enabled;
int index;
int shift;
int cap_current;
int cap_default;
index = i / (32 / CCD_CAP_BITS);
shift = (i % (32 / CCD_CAP_BITS)) * CCD_CAP_BITS;
cap_current = (ccd_info.ccd_caps_current[index] >> shift)
& CCD_CAP_BITMASK;
cap_default = (ccd_info.ccd_caps_defaults[index] >> shift)
& CCD_CAP_BITMASK;
if (ccd_info.ccd_force_disabled) {
is_enabled = 0;
} else {
switch (cap_current) {
case CCD_CAP_STATE_ALWAYS:
is_enabled = 1;
break;
case CCD_CAP_STATE_UNLESS_LOCKED:
is_enabled = (ccd_info.ccd_state !=
CCD_STATE_LOCKED);
break;
default:
is_enabled = (ccd_info.ccd_state ==
CCD_STATE_OPENED);
break;
}
}
printf(" %-15s %c %s",
cap_info[i].name,
is_enabled ? 'Y' : '-',
cap_state_names[cap_current]);
if (cap_current != cap_default)
printf(" (%s)", cap_state_names[cap_default]);
printf("\n");
if (is_enabled)
caps_bitmap |= (1 << i);
}
printf("CCD caps bitmap: %#x\n", caps_bitmap);
printf("Capabilities are %s.\n", (ccd_info.ccd_indicator_bitmap &
CCD_INDICATOR_BIT_ALL_CAPS_DEFAULT) ? "default" : "modified");
}
static void process_ccd_state(struct transfer_descriptor *td, int ccd_unlock,
int ccd_open, int ccd_lock, int ccd_info)
{
uint8_t payload;
/* Max possible response size is when ccd_info is requested. */
uint8_t response[sizeof(struct ccd_info_response)];
size_t response_size;
int rv;
if (ccd_unlock)
payload = CCDV_UNLOCK;
else if (ccd_open)
payload = CCDV_OPEN;
else if (ccd_lock)
payload = CCDV_LOCK;
else
payload = CCDV_GET_INFO;
response_size = sizeof(response);
rv = send_vendor_command(td, VENDOR_CC_CCD,
&payload, sizeof(payload),
&response, &response_size);
/*
* If password is required - try sending the same subcommand
* accompanied by user password.
*/
if (rv == VENDOR_RC_PASSWORD_REQUIRED)
rv = common_process_password(td, payload);
if (rv == VENDOR_RC_SUCCESS) {
if (ccd_info)
print_ccd_info(response, response_size);
return;
}
if (rv != VENDOR_RC_IN_PROGRESS) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: rv %d, response %d\n",
rv, response_size ? response[0] : 0);
exit(update_error);
}
/*
* Physical presence process started, poll for the state the user
* asked for. Only two subcommands would return 'IN_PROGRESS'.
*/
if (ccd_unlock)
poll_for_pp(td, VENDOR_CC_CCD, CCDV_PP_POLL_UNLOCK);
else
poll_for_pp(td, VENDOR_CC_CCD, CCDV_PP_POLL_OPEN);
}
static void process_wp(struct transfer_descriptor *td)
{
size_t response_size;
uint8_t response;
int rv = 0;
response_size = sizeof(response);
printf("Getting WP\n");
rv = send_vendor_command(td, VENDOR_CC_WP, NULL, 0,
&response, &response_size);
if (rv != VENDOR_RC_SUCCESS) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error %d getting write protect\n", rv);
exit(update_error);
}
if (response_size != sizeof(response)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected response size %zd while getting "
"write protect\n",
response_size);
exit(update_error);
}
printf("WP: %08x\n", response);
printf("Flash WP: %s%s\n",
response & WPV_FORCE ? "forced " : "",
response & WPV_ENABLE ? "enabled" : "disabled");
printf(" at boot: %s\n",
!(response & WPV_ATBOOT_SET) ? "follow_batt_pres" :
response & WPV_ATBOOT_ENABLE ? "forced enabled" :
"forced disabled");
}
void process_bid(struct transfer_descriptor *td,
enum board_id_action bid_action,
struct board_id *bid,
bool show_machine_output)
{
size_t response_size;
if (bid_action == bid_get) {
response_size = sizeof(*bid);
send_vendor_command(td, VENDOR_CC_GET_BOARD_ID,
bid, sizeof(*bid),
bid, &response_size);
if (response_size != sizeof(*bid)) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Error reading board ID: response size %zd, "
"first byte %#02x\n",
response_size,
response_size ? *(uint8_t *)&bid : -1);
exit(update_error);
}
if (show_machine_output) {
print_machine_output(
"BID_TYPE", "%08x", be32toh(bid->type));
print_machine_output(
"BID_TYPE_INV", "%08x", be32toh(bid->type_inv));
print_machine_output(
"BID_FLAGS", "%08x", be32toh(bid->flags));
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
if (!isupper(((const char *)bid)[i])) {
print_machine_output(
"BID_RLZ", "%s", "????");
return;
}
}
print_machine_output(
"BID_RLZ", "%c%c%c%c",
((const char *)bid)[0],
((const char *)bid)[1],
((const char *)bid)[2],
((const char *)bid)[3]);
} else {
printf("Board ID space: %08x:%08x:%08x\n",
be32toh(bid->type),
be32toh(bid->type_inv),
be32toh(bid->flags));
}
return;
}
if (bid_action == bid_set) {
/* Sending just two fields: type and flags. */
uint32_t command_body[2];
uint8_t response;
command_body[0] = htobe32(bid->type);
command_body[1] = htobe32(bid->flags);
response_size = sizeof(command_body);
send_vendor_command(td, VENDOR_CC_SET_BOARD_ID,
command_body, sizeof(command_body),
command_body, &response_size);
/*
* Speculative assignment: the response is expected to be one
* byte in size and be placed in the first byte of the buffer.
*/
response = *((uint8_t *)command_body);
if (response_size == 1) {
if (!response)
return; /* Success! */
fprintf(stderr, "Error %d while setting board id\n",
response);
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected response size %zd"
" while setting board id\n",
response_size);
}
exit(update_error);
}
}
static void process_sn_bits(struct transfer_descriptor *td,
uint8_t *sn_bits)
{
int rv;
uint8_t response_code;
size_t response_size = sizeof(response_code);
rv = send_vendor_command(td, VENDOR_CC_SN_SET_HASH,
sn_bits, SN_BITS_SIZE,
&response_code, &response_size);
if (rv) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error %d while sending vendor command\n", rv);
exit(update_error);
}
if (response_size != 1) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Unexpected response size while setting sn bits\n");
exit(update_error);
}
if (response_code != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error %d while setting sn bits\n",
response_code);
exit(update_error);
}
}
static void process_sn_inc_rma(struct transfer_descriptor *td,
uint8_t arg)
{
int rv;
uint8_t response_code;
size_t response_size = sizeof(response_code);
rv = send_vendor_command(td, VENDOR_CC_SN_INC_RMA,
&arg, sizeof(arg),
&response_code, &response_size);
if (rv) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error %d while sending vendor command\n", rv);
exit(update_error);
}
if (response_size != 1) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Unexpected response size while "
"incrementing sn rma count\n");
exit(update_error);
}
if (response_code != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error %d while incrementing rma count\n",
response_code);
exit(update_error);
}
}
/*
* Retrieve the RMA authentication challenge from the Cr50, print out the
* challenge on the console, then prompt the user for the authentication code,
* and send the code back to Cr50. The Cr50 would report if the code matched
* its expectations or not.
*/
static void process_rma(struct transfer_descriptor *td, const char *authcode)
{
char rma_response[81];
size_t response_size = sizeof(rma_response);
size_t i;
size_t auth_size = 0;
if (!authcode) {
send_vendor_command(td, VENDOR_CC_RMA_CHALLENGE_RESPONSE,
NULL, 0, rma_response, &response_size);
if (response_size == 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "error %d\n", rma_response[0]);
if (td->ep_type == usb_xfer)
shut_down(&td->uep);
exit(update_error);
}
printf("Challenge:");
for (i = 0; i < response_size; i++) {
if (!(i % 5)) {
if (!(i % 40))
printf("\n");
printf(" ");
}
printf("%c", rma_response[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return;
}
if (!*authcode) {
printf("Empty response.\n");
exit(update_error);
return;
}
if (!strcmp(authcode, "disable")) {
printf("Invalid arg. Try using 'gsctool -F disable'\n");
exit(update_error);
return;
}
printf("Processing response...\n");
auth_size = strlen(authcode);
response_size = sizeof(rma_response);
send_vendor_command(td, VENDOR_CC_RMA_CHALLENGE_RESPONSE,
authcode, auth_size,
rma_response, &response_size);
if (response_size == 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "\nrma unlock failed, code %d ",
*rma_response);
switch (*rma_response) {
case VENDOR_RC_BOGUS_ARGS:
fprintf(stderr, "(wrong authcode size)\n");
break;
case VENDOR_RC_INTERNAL_ERROR:
fprintf(stderr, "(authcode mismatch)\n");
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "(unknown error)\n");
break;
}
if (td->ep_type == usb_xfer)
shut_down(&td->uep);
exit(update_error);
}
printf("RMA unlock succeeded.\n");
}
/*
* Enable or disable factory mode. Factory mode will only be enabled if HW
* write protect is removed.
*/
static void process_factory_mode(struct transfer_descriptor *td,
const char *arg)
{
uint8_t rma_response;
size_t response_size = sizeof(rma_response);
char *cmd_str;
int rv;
uint16_t subcommand;
if (!strcasecmp(arg, "disable")) {
subcommand = VENDOR_CC_DISABLE_FACTORY;
cmd_str = "dis";
} else if (!strcasecmp(arg, "enable")) {
subcommand = VENDOR_CC_RESET_FACTORY;
cmd_str = "en";
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid factory mode arg %s", arg);
exit(update_error);
}
printf("%sabling factory mode\n", cmd_str);
rv = send_vendor_command(td, subcommand, NULL, 0, &rma_response,
&response_size);
if (rv) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed %sabling factory mode\nvc error "
"%d\n", cmd_str, rv);
if (response_size == 1)
fprintf(stderr, "ec error %d\n", rma_response);
exit(update_error);
}
printf("Factory %sable succeeded.\n", cmd_str);
}
static void report_version(void)
{
/* Get version from the generated file, ignore the underscore prefix. */
const char *v = strchr(VERSION, '_');
printf("Version: %s, built on %s by %s\n", v ? v + 1 : "?",
DATE, BUILDER);
exit(0);
}
/*
* Either change or query TPM mode value.
*/
static int process_tpm_mode(struct transfer_descriptor *td,
const char *arg)
{
int rv;
size_t command_size;
size_t response_size;
uint8_t response;
uint8_t command_body;
response_size = sizeof(response);
if (!arg) {
command_size = 0;
} else if (!strcasecmp(arg, "disable")) {
command_size = sizeof(command_body);
command_body = (uint8_t) TPM_MODE_DISABLED;
} else if (!strcasecmp(arg, "enable")) {
command_size = sizeof(command_body);
command_body = (uint8_t) TPM_MODE_ENABLED;
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid tpm mode arg: %s.\n", arg);
return update_error;
}
rv = send_vendor_command(td, VENDOR_CC_TPM_MODE,
&command_body, command_size,
&response, &response_size);
if (rv) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error %d in setting TPM mode.\n", rv);
return update_error;
}
if (response_size != sizeof(response)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error in the size of response,"
" %zu.\n", response_size);
return update_error;
}
if (response >= TPM_MODE_MAX) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error in the value of response,"
" %d.\n", response);
return update_error;
}
printf("TPM Mode: %s (%d)\n", (response == TPM_MODE_DISABLED) ?
"disabled" : "enabled", response);
return rv;
}
/*
* Retrieve from H1 flash log entries which are newer than the passed in
* timestamp.
*/
static int process_get_flog(struct transfer_descriptor *td, uint32_t prev_stamp)
{
int rv;
union entry_u entry;
size_t resp_size;
resp_size = sizeof(entry);
while (((rv = send_vendor_command(td, VENDOR_CC_POP_LOG_ENTRY,
&prev_stamp, sizeof(prev_stamp),
&entry, &resp_size)) == 0) &&
(resp_size > 0)) {
size_t i;
memcpy(&prev_stamp, &entry.r.timestamp, sizeof(prev_stamp));
printf("%08x:%02x", prev_stamp, entry.r.type);
for (i = 0; i < FLASH_LOG_PAYLOAD_SIZE(entry.r.size); i++)
printf(" %02x", entry.r.payload[i]);
printf("\n");
resp_size = sizeof(entry);
}
return 0;
}
/*
* Search the passed in zero terminated array of options_map structures for
* option 'option'.
*
* If found - set the corresponding integer to 1 and return 1. If not found -
* return 0.
*/
static int check_boolean(const struct options_map *omap, char option)
{
do {
if (omap->opt != option)
continue;
*omap->flag = 1;
return 1;
} while ((++omap)->opt);
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct transfer_descriptor td;
int errorcnt;
uint8_t *data = 0;
size_t data_len = 0;
uint16_t vid = 0;
uint16_t pid = 0;
int i;
size_t j;
int transferred_sections = 0;
int binary_vers = 0;
int show_fw_ver = 0;
int rma = 0;
const char *rma_auth_code;
int corrupt_inactive_rw = 0;
struct board_id bid;
enum board_id_action bid_action;
int password = 0;
int ccd_open = 0;
int ccd_unlock = 0;
int ccd_lock = 0;
int ccd_info = 0;
int get_flog = 0;
uint32_t prev_log_entry = 0;
int wp = 0;
int try_all_transfer = 0;
int tpm_mode = 0;
bool show_machine_output = false;
const char *exclusive_opt_error =
"Options -a, -s and -t are mutually exclusive\n";
const char *openbox_desc_file = NULL;
int factory_mode = 0;
char *factory_mode_arg;
char *tpm_mode_arg = NULL;
char *serial = NULL;
int sn_bits = 0;
uint8_t sn_bits_arg[SN_BITS_SIZE];
int sn_inc_rma = 0;
uint8_t sn_inc_rma_arg;
/*
* All options which result in setting a Boolean flag to True, along
* with addresses of the flags. Terminated by a zeroed entry.
*/
const struct options_map omap[] = {
{ 'B', &td.background_update_supported},
{ 'b', &binary_vers },
{ 'c', &corrupt_inactive_rw },
{ 'f', &show_fw_ver },
{ 'I', &ccd_info },
{ 'k', &ccd_lock },
{ 'o', &ccd_open },
{ 'P', &password },
{ 'p', &td.post_reset },
{ 'U', &ccd_unlock },
{ 'u', &td.upstart_mode },
{ 'V', &verbose_mode },
{ 'w', &wp },
{},
};
/*
* Explicitly sets buffering type to line buffered so that output
* lines can be written to pipe instantly. This is needed when the
* cr50-verify-ro.sh execution in verify_ro is moved from crosh to
* debugd.
*/
setlinebuf(stdout);
progname = strrchr(argv[0], '/');
if (progname)
progname++;
else
progname = argv[0];
/* Usb transfer - default mode. */
memset(&td, 0, sizeof(td));
td.ep_type = usb_xfer;
bid_action = bid_none;
errorcnt = 0;
opterr = 0; /* quiet, you */
while ((i = getopt_long(argc, argv, short_opts, long_opts, 0)) != -1) {
if (check_boolean(omap, i))
continue;
switch (i) {
case 'a':
if (td.ep_type) {
errorcnt++;
fprintf(stderr, "%s", exclusive_opt_error);
break;
}
try_all_transfer = 1;
/* Try dev_xfer first. */
td.ep_type = dev_xfer;
break;
case 'd':
if (!parse_vidpid(optarg, &vid, &pid)) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Invalid device argument: \"%s\"\n",
optarg);
errorcnt++;
}
break;
case 'F':
factory_mode = 1;
factory_mode_arg = optarg;
break;
case 'h':
usage(errorcnt);
break;
case 'i':
if (!optarg && argv[optind] && argv[optind][0] != '-')
/* optional argument present. */
optarg = argv[optind++];
if (!parse_bid(optarg, &bid, &bid_action)) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Invalid board id argument: \"%s\"\n",
optarg);
errorcnt++;
}
break;
case 'L':
get_flog = 1;
if (!optarg && argv[optind] &&
(argv[optind][0] != '-')) {
prev_log_entry =
strtoul(argv[optind++], NULL, 16);
}
break;
case 'M':
show_machine_output = true;
break;
case 'm':
tpm_mode = 1;
if (!optarg && argv[optind] && argv[optind][0] != '-') {
optarg = argv[optind++];
tpm_mode_arg = optarg;
}
break;
case 'n':
serial = optarg;
break;
case 'O':
openbox_desc_file = optarg;
break;
case 'r':
rma = 1;
if (!optarg && argv[optind] && argv[optind][0] != '-')
/* optional argument present. */
optarg = argv[optind++];
rma_auth_code = optarg;
break;
case 'R':
sn_inc_rma = 1;
if (!optarg && argv[optind] && argv[optind][0] != '-')
/* optional argument present. */
optarg = argv[optind++];
if (!parse_sn_inc_rma(optarg, &sn_inc_rma_arg)) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Invalid sn_rma_inc argument: \"%s\"\n",
optarg);
errorcnt++;
}
break;
case 's':
if (td.ep_type || try_all_transfer) {
errorcnt++;
fprintf(stderr, "%s", exclusive_opt_error);
break;
}
td.ep_type = dev_xfer;
break;
case 'S':
sn_bits = 1;
if (!optarg && argv[optind] && argv[optind][0] != '-')
/* optional argument present. */
optarg = argv[optind++];
if (!parse_sn_bits(optarg, sn_bits_arg)) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Invalid sn_bits argument: \"%s\"\n",
optarg);
errorcnt++;
}
break;
case 't':
if (td.ep_type || try_all_transfer) {
errorcnt++;
fprintf(stderr, "%s", exclusive_opt_error);
break;
}
td.ep_type = ts_xfer;
break;
case 'v':
report_version(); /* This will call exit(). */
break;
case 0: /* auto-handled option */
break;
case '?':
if (optopt)
fprintf(stderr, "Unrecognized option: -%c\n",
optopt);
else
fprintf(stderr, "Unrecognized option: %s\n",
argv[optind - 1]);
errorcnt++;
break;
case ':':
fprintf(stderr, "Missing argument to %s\n",
argv[optind - 1]);
errorcnt++;
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "Internal error at %s:%d\n",
__FILE__, __LINE__);
exit(update_error);
}
}
if (errorcnt)
usage(errorcnt);
/*
* If no usb device information was given, default to the using cr50
* vendor and product id to find the usb device.
*/
if (!serial && !vid && !pid) {
vid = VID;
pid = PID;
}
if ((bid_action == bid_none) &&
!ccd_info &&
!ccd_lock &&
!ccd_open &&
!ccd_unlock &&
!corrupt_inactive_rw &&
!get_flog &&
!factory_mode &&
!password &&
!rma &&
!show_fw_ver &&
!sn_bits &&
!sn_inc_rma &&
!openbox_desc_file &&
!tpm_mode &&
!wp) {
if (optind >= argc) {
fprintf(stderr,
"\nERROR: Missing required <binary image>\n\n");
usage(1);
}
data = get_file_or_die(argv[optind], &data_len);
printf("read %zd(%#zx) bytes from %s\n",
data_len, data_len, argv[optind]);
if (data_len != CONFIG_FLASH_SIZE) {
fprintf(stderr, "Image file is not %d bytes\n",
CONFIG_FLASH_SIZE);
exit(update_error);
}
fetch_header_versions(data);
if (binary_vers)
exit(show_headers_versions(data, show_machine_output));
} else {
if (optind < argc)
printf("Ignoring binary image %s\n", argv[optind]);
}
if (((bid_action != bid_none) + !!rma + !!password + !!ccd_open +
!!ccd_unlock + !!ccd_lock + !!ccd_info + !!get_flog +
!!openbox_desc_file + !!factory_mode + !!wp) > 2) {
fprintf(stderr,
"ERROR: "
"options -F, -I, -i, -k, -L, -O, -o, -P, -r, -u and -w "
"are mutually exclusive\n");
exit(update_error);
}
if (td.ep_type == usb_xfer) {
if (usb_findit(serial, vid, pid, USB_SUBCLASS_GOOGLE_CR50,
USB_PROTOCOL_GOOGLE_CR50_NON_HC_FW_UPDATE,
&td.uep))
exit(update_error);
} else if (td.ep_type == dev_xfer) {
td.tpm_fd = open("/dev/tpm0", O_RDWR);
if (td.tpm_fd < 0) {
if (!try_all_transfer) {
perror("Could not open TPM");
exit(update_error);
}
td.ep_type = ts_xfer;
}
}
if (openbox_desc_file)
return verify_ro(&td, openbox_desc_file, show_machine_output);
if (ccd_unlock || ccd_open || ccd_lock || ccd_info)
process_ccd_state(&td, ccd_unlock, ccd_open,
ccd_lock, ccd_info);
if (password)
process_password(&td);
if (bid_action != bid_none)
process_bid(&td, bid_action, &bid, show_machine_output);
if (rma)
process_rma(&td, rma_auth_code);
if (factory_mode)
process_factory_mode(&td, factory_mode_arg);
if (wp)
process_wp(&td);
if (corrupt_inactive_rw)
invalidate_inactive_rw(&td);
if (tpm_mode) {
int rv = process_tpm_mode(&td, tpm_mode_arg);
exit(rv);
}
if (sn_bits)
process_sn_bits(&td, sn_bits_arg);
if (sn_inc_rma)
process_sn_inc_rma(&td, sn_inc_rma_arg);
if (get_flog)
process_get_flog(&td, prev_log_entry);
if (data || show_fw_ver) {
setup_connection(&td);
if (data) {
transferred_sections = transfer_image(&td,
data, data_len);
free(data);
}
/*
* Move USB updater sate machine to idle state so that vendor
* commands can be processed later, if any.
*/
if (td.ep_type == usb_xfer)
send_done(&td.uep);
if (transferred_sections)
generate_reset_request(&td);
if (show_fw_ver) {
if (show_machine_output) {
print_machine_output("RO_FW_VER", "%d.%d.%d",
targ.shv[0].epoch,
targ.shv[0].major,
targ.shv[0].minor);
print_machine_output("RW_FW_VER", "%d.%d.%d",
targ.shv[1].epoch,
targ.shv[1].major,
targ.shv[1].minor);
} else {
printf("Current versions:\n");
printf("RO %d.%d.%d\n", targ.shv[0].epoch,
targ.shv[0].major, targ.shv[0].minor);
printf("RW %d.%d.%d\n", targ.shv[1].epoch,
targ.shv[1].major, targ.shv[1].minor);
}
}
}
if (td.ep_type == usb_xfer) {
libusb_close(td.uep.devh);
libusb_exit(NULL);
}
if (!transferred_sections)
return noop;
/*
* We should indicate if RO update was not done because of the
* insufficient RW version.
*/
for (j = 0; j < ARRAY_SIZE(sections); j++)
if (sections[j].ustatus == not_possible) {
/* This will allow scripting repeat attempts. */
printf("Failed to update RO, run the command again\n");
return rw_updated;
}
printf("image updated\n");
return all_updated;
}
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